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Potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment

Author

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  • Smith, C.J.
  • Oster, J.D.
  • Sposito, G.

Abstract

There is a growing trend of K replacing Na in wastewaters from agricultural industries to reduce the adverse effects of irrigation with these waters on soil hydraulic properties. However, problems with soil physical properties caused by wastewaters with high concentrations of K have been reported in both Australia and California. A review of the literature dating back to the 1930s supports the general conclusion that the relative order of deleterious effect on soil hydraulic properties of the four common cations in soils is Na>K>Mg>Ca. This paper explores the capabilities of the Cation Ratio of Structural Stability (CROSS), a generalized Sodium Adsorption Ratio incorporating all four cations, as an improved irrigation water quality parameter. This new parameter includes a coefficient for K that accounts for its relative deleterious effect as compared with Na and another coefficient for Mg that accounts for its relative beneficial effect as compared with Ca. Based on optimizing CROSS using threshold electrolyte concentration data for a Sodosol from the Riverina Region of Australia, the deleterious effect of K is estimated to be about one-third of that of Na, while the concentration of Mg needs to be about an order of magnitude larger than Ca to have the same beneficial effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Smith, C.J. & Oster, J.D. & Sposito, G., 2015. "Potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 59-64.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:157:y:2015:i:c:p:59-64
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.003
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    1. Giulia Marino & Daniele Zaccaria & Richard L. Snyder & Octavio Lagos & Bruce D. Lampinen & Louise Ferguson & Stephen R. Grattan & Cayle Little & Kristen Shapiro & Mahesh Lal Maskey & Dennis L. Corwin , 2019. "Actual Evapotranspiration and Tree Performance of Mature Micro-Irrigated Pistachio Orchards Grown on Saline-Sodic Soils in the San Joaquin Valley of California," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Zhang, Tibin & Zhan, Xiaoyun & He, Jianqiang & Feng, Hao & Kang, Yaohu, 2018. "Salt characteristics and soluble cations redistribution in an impermeable calcareous saline-sodic soil reclaimed with an improved drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 91-99.
    3. Pedrero, Francisco & Grattan, S.R. & Ben-Gal, Alon & Vivaldi, Gaetano Alessandro, 2020. "Opportunities for expanding the use of wastewaters for irrigation of olives," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    4. Qadir, M. & Sposito, G. & Smith, C.J. & Oster, J.D., 2021. "Reassessing irrigation water quality guidelines for sodicity hazard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    5. Dang, A. & Bennett, J. McL. & Marchuk, A. & Marchuk, S. & Biggs, A.J.W. & Raine, S.R., 2018. "Validating laboratory assessment of threshold electrolyte concentration for fields irrigated with marginal quality saline-sodic water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 21-29.
    6. José Telo da Gama & Luis Loures & António Lopez-Piñeiro & Derick Quintino & Paulo Ferreira & José Rato Nunes, 2021. "Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Traditional Agriculture and the Mid-Term Impact of Intensification in Face of Local Climatic Changes," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-19, August.
    7. Courage D. Egbi & Geophrey Anornu & Emmanuel K. Appiah-Adjei & Samuel Y. Ganyaglo & Samuel B. Dampare, 2019. "Evaluation of water quality using hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and water quality indices in the Lower Volta River Basin of Ghana," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 21(6), pages 3033-3063, December.
    8. Liang, Xueying & Rengasamy, Pichu & Smernik, Ronald & Mosley, Luke M., 2021. "Does the high potassium content in recycled winery wastewater used for irrigation pose risks to soil structural stability?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    9. Li, Na & Xi, Hui & Zhou, Yang & Yu, Man & Hu, Zhenhua & Chen, Xijing, 2023. "Drip fertigation with food waste biogas effluent in a humid area is possible but challenging due to increased soil soluble sodium," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    10. Wiktor Halecki & Tomasz Kowalik & Andrzej Bogdał, 2019. "Multiannual Assessment of the Risk of Surface Water Erosion and Metal Accumulation Indices in the Flysch Stream Using the MARS Model in the Polish Outer Western Carpathians," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-23, December.

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