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An Assessment of Steinernema rarum as a Biocontrol Agent in Sugarcane with Focus on Sphenophorus levis, Host-Finding Ability, Compatibility with Vinasse and Field Efficacy

Author

Listed:
  • Mateus Salviano Oliveira Silva

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

  • Jorge Franco Maringoli Cardoso

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

  • Maria Elizia Pacheco Ferreira

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

  • Fernando Berton Baldo

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

  • Raphael Satochi Abe Silva

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

  • Julie Giovanna Chacon-Orozco

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

  • David I. Shapiro-Ilan

    (Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Byron, GA 31008, USA)

  • Selcuk Hazir

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Aydin, Turkey)

  • Cesar Junior Bueno

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

  • Luis Garrigós Leite

    (Biological Control Laboratory, Biological Institute, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil)

Abstract

In Brazil, countless insect species attack and damage sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.), which is an extremely important crop since it is planted on more than 10 million hectares. Among these insects, the sugarcane billbug, Sphenophorus levis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is of great importance as the larvae open tunnels in the rhizome of the plant, causing high damage and losses. This insect is attracted mainly to vinasse, which is the liquid fraction generated from the alcohol production and discarded onto the sugarcane fields for fertigation. Toward a novel control method for S. levis , the native entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema rarum (Pam 25) was compared with S. carpocapsae (IL 1) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HBEN01) in respect to their ability to search for larvae of two insect hosts ( Galleria mellonella and S. levis ) within the cane rhizome. The selected nematode S. rarum was also assessed for rate effects, its survival in vinasse and field efficacy to control sugarcane pests S. levis, Hyponeuma taltula (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) and Leucothyreus alvarengai (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). Steinernema rarum exhibited superior virulence to G. mellonella and S. levis larvae inserted into the cane rhizomes (75–78% mortality) compared to S. carpocapsae (30–53%) and H. bacteriophora (18–28%). Vinasse affected S. rarum when infective juveniles were suspended in the liquid compost for more than 6 h but did not affect the nematode when kept on the straw and soil treated with the compost. Steinernema rarum tested at 1–3 × 10 8 infective juveniles/ha on the sugarcane field caused 74.1, 56.3 and 50.6% control of S. levis, L. alvarengai and H. taltula, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Mateus Salviano Oliveira Silva & Jorge Franco Maringoli Cardoso & Maria Elizia Pacheco Ferreira & Fernando Berton Baldo & Raphael Satochi Abe Silva & Julie Giovanna Chacon-Orozco & David I. Shapiro-Il, 2021. "An Assessment of Steinernema rarum as a Biocontrol Agent in Sugarcane with Focus on Sphenophorus levis, Host-Finding Ability, Compatibility with Vinasse and Field Efficacy," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:6:p:500-:d:564093
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    References listed on IDEAS

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