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Governing biofuels in Brazil: A comparison of ethanol and biodiesel policies

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  • Stattman, Sarah L.
  • Hospes, Otto
  • Mol, Arthur P.J.

Abstract

Over the last decade Brazil has implemented a new and ambitious biofuel program: the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB). When launching this program in 2004 the government stated that it wanted to avoid the same kind of geographical concentration, single crop focus, dominance of agribusiness, and exclusion of family farmers that have occurred with bioethanol production through the ProÁlcool policy since 1975. This paper compares the life histories of the bioethanol and the biodiesel policies of Brazil by analyzing their substantive policy content; the power and politics of actors that struggle for the design and implementation of the policies; and the polity in terms the organization and institutionalization of the policies. The paper concludes that both policies have become submerged by and dependent on the polity and politics of primarily the energy and agricultural sectors that operate as the two semi-autonomous governance fields. This submerging has shaped the substantive contents of biofuels policies, and explains why the 2004 biodiesel policy PNPB, in spite of its objectives for social inclusion and rural development, faces similar problems in implementation as its predecessor, the 1975 bioethanol policy ProÁlcool.

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  • Stattman, Sarah L. & Hospes, Otto & Mol, Arthur P.J., 2013. "Governing biofuels in Brazil: A comparison of ethanol and biodiesel policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 22-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:61:y:2013:i:c:p:22-30
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.005
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    2. Oliveira, Gustavo de L.T. & McKay, Ben & Plank, Christina, 2017. "How biofuel policies backfire: Misguided goals, inefficient mechanisms, and political-ecological blind spots," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 765-775.
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    7. Nikas, A. & Koasidis, K. & Köberle, A.C. & Kourtesi, G. & Doukas, H., 2022. "A comparative study of biodiesel in Brazil and Argentina: An integrated systems of innovation perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    8. Conejero, Marco Antonio & César, Aldara Da Silva & Batista, Angelita Pereira, 2017. "The organizational arrangement of castor bean family farmers promoted by the Brazilian Biodiesel Program: A competitiveness analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 461-470.
    9. Stefan Renckens & Grace Skogstad & Matthieu Mondou, 2017. "When Normative and Market Power Interact: The European Union and Global Biofuels Governance," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(6), pages 1432-1448, November.
    10. Choumert Nkolo, Johanna & Combes Motel, Pascale & Guegang Djimeli, Charlain, 2018. "Income-generating Effects of Biofuel Policies: A Meta-analysis of the CGE Literature," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 230-242.
    11. dos Santos Alves, Camila Elisa & Belarmino, Luiz Clovis & Padula, Antonio Domingos, 2017. "Feedstock diversification for biodiesel production in Brazil: Using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to evaluate the impact of the PNPB and the economic competitiveness of alternative oilseeds," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 297-309.
    12. Ebadian, Mahmood & van Dyk, Susan & McMillan, James D. & Saddler, Jack, 2020. "Biofuels policies that have encouraged their production and use: An international perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    13. Paola Sakai & Stavros Afionis & Nicola Favretto & Lindsay C. Stringer & Caroline Ward & Marco Sakai & Pedro Henrique Weirich Neto & Carlos Hugo Rocha & Jaime Alberti Gomes & Nátali Maidl de Souza & No, 2020. "Understanding the Implications of Alternative Bioenergy Crops to Support Smallholder Farmers in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-22, March.
    14. Allegretti, G. & Montoya, M.A. & Bertussi, L.A.S. & Talamini, E., 2022. "When being renewable may not be enough: Typologies of trends in energy and carbon footprint towards sustainable development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    15. Monteiro, Marcos Roberto & Kugelmeier, Cristie Luis & Pinheiro, Rafael Sanaiotte & Batalha, Mario Otávio & da Silva César, Aldara, 2018. "Glycerol from biodiesel production: Technological paths for sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 109-122.
    16. Lazaro, Lira Luz Benites & Giatti, Leandro Luiz & Bermann, Celio & Giarolla, Angelica & Ometto, Jean, 2021. "Policy and governance dynamics in the water-energy-food-land nexus of biofuels: Proposing a qualitative analysis model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    17. Zonin, Valdecir José & Valle Antunes, José Antônio & Pinto Leis, Rodrigo, 2014. "Multicriteria analysis of agricultural raw materials: A case study of BSBIOS and PETROBRAS BIOFUELS in Brazil," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 255-263.
    18. Dutra, Renato Cabral Dias & Carpio, Lucio Guido Tapia, 2021. "Biodiesel auctions in Brazil: Symmetry of bids and informational paradigm," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    19. Sarah L. Stattman & Aarti Gupta & Lena Partzsch & Peter Oosterveer, 2018. "Toward Sustainable Biofuels in the European Union? Lessons from a Decade of Hybrid Biofuel Governance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    20. Sarah L. Stattman & Aarti Gupta, 2015. "Negotiating Authority in Global Biofuel Governance: Brazil and the EU in the WTO," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 15(1), pages 41-59, February.
    21. Moreno-Pérez, Olga M. & Marcossi, Gisele P.C. & Ortiz-Miranda, Dionisio, 2017. "Taking stock of the evolution of the biodiesel industry in Brazil: Business concentration and structural traits," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 525-533.
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