IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jadmsc/v13y2023i3p74-d1085987.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Firm Characteristics, Business Environment, Strategic Orientation, and Performance

Author

Listed:
  • Sofik Handoyo

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40113, Indonesia)

  • Sri Mulyani

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40113, Indonesia)

  • Erlane K. Ghani

    (Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Slamet Soedarsono

    (Indonesia Ministry of National Development Planning, Jakarta 10310, Indonesia)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the influence of firm characteristics (size, age, industry type, and ownership) on a firm’s strategic orientation. The business environment, namely market uncertainty and competition intensity, is also analysed in association with the firm’s strategic orientation. Furthermore, the implication of strategic orientation for performance is tested. The study used 1024 data sets of 128 manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia stock exchange from 2014 to 2021. Data panel regression and independent t-tests were employed for statistical analysis. Adopting Miles and Snow’s strategy typology framework, the findings indicated that the firm size, industry type, and competition intensity significantly influence the firm’s strategic orientation. Small firms preferred to adopt a proactive strategic orientation (prospector and analyser). Firms in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry tended to adopt a proactive strategic orientation (prospector and analyser). Strategic orientation was found to positively and significantly influence firm performance. Firms that adopt a proactive strategic orientation (analyser and prospector) showed better performance than defensive ones (reactor and defender).

Suggested Citation

  • Sofik Handoyo & Sri Mulyani & Erlane K. Ghani & Slamet Soedarsono, 2023. "Firm Characteristics, Business Environment, Strategic Orientation, and Performance," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-23, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:13:y:2023:i:3:p:74-:d:1085987
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/13/3/74/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/13/3/74/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Crystal X Jiang & Roy YJ Chua & Masaaki Kotabe & Janet Y Murray, 2011. "Effects of cultural ethnicity, firm size, and firm age on senior executives’ trust in their overseas business partners: Evidence from China," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 42(9), pages 1150-1173, December.
    2. Christian Lechner & Birthe Soppe & Michael Dowling, 2016. "Vertical Coopetition and the Sales Growth of Young and Small Firms," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(1), pages 67-84, January.
    3. Daniele Cerrato & Mariacristina Piva, 2012. "The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises: the effect of family management, human capital and foreign ownership," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 16(4), pages 617-644, November.
    4. Rhys Andrews & George A. Boyne & Jennifer Law & Richard M. Walker, 2009. "Strategy Formulation, Strategy Content and Performance," Public Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Dietmar Sternad, 2012. "Adaptive Strategies in Response to the Economic Crisis: A Cross-Cultural Study in Austria and Slovenia," Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 10(3 (Fall)), pages 257-282.
    6. B.P.S. Murthi & Abdul A Rasheed & Irene Goll, 2013. "An Empirical Analysis of Strategic Groups in the Airline Industry using Latent Class Regressions," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(2), pages 59-73, March.
    7. Wiwattanakantang, Yupana, 2001. "Controlling shareholders and corporate value: Evidence from Thailand," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 323-362, August.
    8. Kannan Ramaswamy, 2001. "Organizational ownership, competitive intensity, and firm performance: an empirical study of the Indian manufacturing sector," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(10), pages 989-998, October.
    9. Helmig, Bernd & Hinz, Vera & Ingerfurth, Stefan, 2014. "Extending Miles & Snow's strategy choice typology to the German hospital sector," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(3), pages 363-376.
    10. Schaeck, Klaus & Čihák, Martin, 2008. "How does competition affect efficiency and soundness in banking? New empirical evidence," Working Paper Series 932, European Central Bank.
    11. Takehiko Yasuda, 2005. "Firm Growth, Size, Age and Behavior in Japanese Manufacturing," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 1-15, December.
    12. Li Peng & Yuan Li & Marc Essen & Mike W. Peng, 2020. "Institutions, resources, and strategic orientations: A meta-analysis," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 37(2), pages 499-529, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tjaša Štrukelj & Petya Dankova & Nomi Hrast, 2023. "Strategic Transition to Sustainability: A Cybernetic Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-32, November.
    2. Quang Linh Huynh & Van Kha Nguyen, 2024. "The Role of Environmental Management Accounting in Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-21, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qamar uz Zaman & M. Kabir Hassan & Arshad Hafiz Muhammad, 2020. "Managerial Efficiency and Corporate Leverage Policy in Pakistan," Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance (AAMJAF), Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, vol. 16(2), pages 25-46.
    2. Ilhan-Nas, Tulay & Okan, Tarhan & Tatoglu, Ekrem & Demirbag, Mehmet & Wood, Geoffrey & Glaister, Keith W., 2018. "Board composition, family ownership, institutional distance and the foreign equity ownership strategies of Turkish MNEs," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 862-879.
    3. Ali Osman Gurbuz & Asli Aybars, 2010. "The Impact of Foreign Ownership on Firm Performance, Evidence from an Emerging Market: Turkey," American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Science Publications, vol. 2(4), pages 350-359, November.
    4. Bartha, Zoltán & S. Gubik, Andrea, 2014. "SME Internalisation Index (SMINI) Based on the Sample of the Visegrad Countries," MPRA Paper 57382, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Jul 2014.
    5. Bansal, Shashank & Thenmozhi, M., 2020. "Does Concentrated Founder Ownership Affect Related Party Transactions? Evidence from an Emerging Economy," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    6. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "Size, efficiency, market power, and economies of scale in the African banking sector," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-22, December.
    7. Min Ju & Hongxin Zhao, 2009. "Behind organizational slack and firm performance in China: The moderating roles of ownership and competitive intensity," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 701-717, December.
    8. Mamonov, Mikhail, 2012. "The impact of market power of Russian banks on their credit risk tolerance: A panel study," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 28(4), pages 85-112.
    9. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "Testing the Quiet Life Hypothesis in the African Banking Industry," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 69-82, March.
    10. Krzysztof Wach, 2017. "Exploring the Role of Ownership in International Entrepreneurship: How does Ownership Affect Internationalisation of Polish Firms?," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 5(4), pages 205-223.
    11. Emmanuel Tsiritakis, 2017. "Competition and Efficiency in EU Banking," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 67(2), pages 3-25, April-Jun.
    12. Musso, Fabio & Francioni, Barbara, 2009. "Foreign markets entry mode decision for SMEs. Key factors and role of industrial districts," MPRA Paper 32153, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Zeineb Barka & Taher Hamza, 2020. "The effect of large controlling shareholders on equity prices in France: monitoring or entrenchment?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 24(3), pages 769-798, September.
    14. Besnik A. Krasniqi & Muhamet Mustafa, 2016. "Small firm growth in a post-conflict environment: the role of human capital, institutional quality, and managerial capacities," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 1165-1207, December.
    15. Cândida Ferreira, 2012. "Bank market concentration and efficiency in the European Union: a panel granger causality approach," Working Papers Department of Economics 2012/03, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    16. Jae-Seung Baek, 2011. "How Does Corporate Structure Affect the Value of Firms in Emerging Markets? Evidence from Korea," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 14(4), pages 97-120, December.
    17. D’Angelo, Alfredo & Buck, Trevor, 2019. "The earliness of exporting and creeping sclerosis? The moderating effects of firm age, size and centralization," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 428-437.
    18. Espenlaub, Susanne & Khurshed, Arif & Sitthipongpanich, Thitima, 2012. "Bank connections, corporate investment and crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1336-1353.
    19. Josphat Nyoni & Martin Dandira & Elias Kandjinga, 2021. "Surviving economic crisis through pro-active strategies. Experiences from the Zimbabwean economic crisis," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 8(3), pages 65-70, March.
    20. Fabian Unterlass, 2013. "The relationship between innovation, exports and economic performance. Empirical evidence for 21 EU countries," EcoMod2013 5655, EcoMod.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:13:y:2023:i:3:p:74-:d:1085987. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.