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Robust and resilient equilibrium routing mechanism for traffic congestion mitigation built upon correlated equilibrium and distributed optimization

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  • Ning, Yuqiang
  • Du, Lili

Abstract

With the rapid development of wireless communication, mobile computing, and GPS technologies, drivers’ route decisions nowadays rely more on navigation services, such as Google or Waze. However, these navigation services don't always come with improved traffic conditions. Individual drivers often make independent and selfish route decisions that are not systematically favorable and thus often result in severe congestions. This study aims to alleviate such problems by exploiting the information gaps between individuals and the central planner (CP). Specifically, we develop a correlated equilibrium routing mechanism (CeRM) for the CP, which drives a group of vehicles’ route choices to an equilibrium with a systematically optimal traffic condition while still satisfying individuals’ selfish nature. Participating drivers would only be better off by following the suggested routing guidance than navigating on their best responses to real-time traffic information. The CeRM is modeled as a nonconvex and nonlinear program involving a large-scale of users. A distributed Augmented Lagrangian algorithm (D-AL) is developed to efficiently solve the CeRM to provide online real-time navigation service, taking advantage of the on-board computation resources of individual vehicles. Considering the D-AL relies on the wireless communications between vehicles and the CP, we proved the convergence robustness of the D-AL against random communication failures and derived the convergence rate upper bound as a function of the communication failure probability. It is noticed that the convergence rate of the D-AL degrades dramatically as the communication failure probability increases, which hampers the applicability of implementing the CeRM in practice. To improve the solution algorithm's resilience in the computation performance, we further designed and proved an acceleration scheme aided D-AL (aD-AL) to expedite the convergence rate under the high likelihood of communication failures. Numerical experiments conducted on the Sioux Falls city network confirmed the D-AL's convergence properties, robustness against random communication failures, and the resilience of the aD-AL to solve the CeRM. The experiments also show that the CeRM results in better system performance (have less system cost) compared with the existing Independent Routing (IR) mechanism and user-oriented Equilibrium Routing (uoER) mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Ning, Yuqiang & Du, Lili, 2023. "Robust and resilient equilibrium routing mechanism for traffic congestion mitigation built upon correlated equilibrium and distributed optimization," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 170-205.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:168:y:2023:i:c:p:170-205
    DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2022.12.006
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