IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transb/v125y2019icp151-174.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A pricing versus slots game in airport networks

Author

Listed:
  • Czerny, Achim I.
  • Lang, Hao

Abstract

This paper considers networks with two or three complementary airports. In each case, two airports independently choose between slot and pricing policies, where slot policies involve grandfather rules. We show that equilibrium policies involve slots when airport profits do not matter and pricing policies when airport profits matter. We further show that the equilibrium slot policies reach the first-best passenger quantities when congestion effects are absent. Otherwise, equilibrium slot policies will lead to excessive and equilibrium pricing policies to too low passenger quantities relative to the first best. Numerical examples indicate that slot policies can be beneficial relative to pricing policies when time valuations are low and vice versa when time valuations are high. The analysis formally distinguishes the sources for the different outcomes under slot and pricing policies by distinguishing between a variable effect and a distribution effect. The variable effect captures that decision variables are quantities in the case of slot policies and prices in the case of pricing policies. The distribution effect captures that airport slot allocation is based on grandfather rules.

Suggested Citation

  • Czerny, Achim I. & Lang, Hao, 2019. "A pricing versus slots game in airport networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 151-174.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:125:y:2019:i:c:p:151-174
    DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2019.04.013
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191261517309128
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.trb.2019.04.013?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Anming & Czerny, Achim I., 2012. "Airports and airlines economics and policy: An interpretive review of recent research," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 15-34.
    2. Silva, Hugo E. & Verhoef, Erik T. & van den Berg, Vincent A.C., 2014. "Airline route structure competition and network policy," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 320-343.
    3. Czerny, Achim I., 2010. "Airport congestion management under uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 371-380, March.
    4. De Borger, B. & Dunkerley, F. & Proost, S., 2007. "Strategic investment and pricing decisions in a congested transport corridor," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 294-316, September.
    5. De Borger, B. & Proost, S. & Van Dender, K., 2005. "Congestion and tax competition in a parallel network," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(8), pages 2013-2040, November.
    6. Mantin, Benny, 2012. "Airport complementarity: Private vs. government ownership and welfare gravitation," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 381-388.
    7. Jan K. Brueckner, 2002. "Airport Congestion When Carriers Have Market Power," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(5), pages 1357-1375, December.
    8. Basso, Leonardo J. & Zhang, Anming, 2010. "Pricing vs. slot policies when airport profits matter," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 381-391, March.
    9. Pels, Eric & Verhoef, Erik T., 2004. "The economics of airport congestion pricing," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 257-277, March.
    10. Czerny, Achim I. & Zhang, Anming, 2014. "Airport peak-load pricing revisited: The case of peak and uniform tolls," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 90-101.
    11. Czerny, Achim I. & Zhang, Anming, 2014. "Airport congestion pricing when airlines price discriminate," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 77-89.
    12. Achim Czerny, 2006. "Price-cap Regulation of Airports: Single-till Versus Dual-till," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 85-97, July.
    13. Czerny, Achim & Höffler, Felix & Mun, Se-il, 2014. "Hub port competition and welfare effects of strategic privatization," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 211-220.
    14. Czerny, Achim I. & van den Berg, Vincent A.C. & Verhoef, Erik T., 2016. "Carrier collaboration with endogenous fleets and load factors when networks are complementary," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 285-297.
    15. Daniel, Joseph I, 2014. "The untolled problems with airport slot constraints," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 16-28.
    16. Martin L. Weitzman, 1974. "Prices vs. Quantities," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 41(4), pages 477-491.
    17. Daniel, Joseph I, 1995. "Congestion Pricing and Capacity of Large Hub Airports: A Bottleneck Model with Stochastic Queues," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 63(2), pages 327-370, March.
    18. Wan, Yulai & Basso, Leonardo J. & Zhang, Anming, 2016. "Strategic investments in accessibility under port competition and inter-regional coordination," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 102-125.
    19. Zhang, Anming & Zhang, Yimin, 2006. "Airport capacity and congestion when carriers have market power," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 229-247, September.
    20. Gillen, David & Jacquillat, Alexandre & Odoni, Amedeo R., 2016. "Airport demand management: The operations research and economics perspectives and potential synergies," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 495-513.
    21. Czerny, Achim I. & Zhang, Anming, 2011. "Airport congestion pricing and passenger types," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 595-604, March.
    22. Yulai Wan & Anming Zhang, 2013. "Urban Road Congestion and Seaport Competition," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 47(1), pages 55-70, January.
    23. Leonardo J. Basso & Nicolás Figueroa & Jorge Vásquez, 2017. "Monopoly regulation under asymmetric information: prices versus quantities," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 48(3), pages 557-578, August.
    24. Lin, Ming Hsin & Zhang, Yimin, 2017. "Hub-airport congestion pricing and capacity investment," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 89-106.
    25. Brueckner, Jan K., 2009. "Price vs. quantity-based approaches to airport congestion management," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(5-6), pages 681-690, June.
    26. Basso, Leonardo J., 2008. "Airport deregulation: Effects on pricing and capacity," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 1015-1031, July.
    27. Benoot, W. & Brueckner, J.K. & Proost, S., 2013. "Intercontinental-airport regulation," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 56-72.
    28. Yulai Wan & Anming Zhang & Kevin X Li, 2018. "Port competition with accessibility and congestion: a theoretical framework and literature review on empirical studies," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(2), pages 239-259, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kidokoro, Yukihiro & Zhang, Anming, 2022. "Airport cities and social welfare," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 187-209.
    2. Lang, Hao & Czerny, Achim I., 2022. "Airport pricing versus (grandfathered) slots: A generalization," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    3. Lang, Hao & Czerny, Achim I., 2023. "Comparison of decentralized slot and pricing policies when airports are substitutes for non-local passengers," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    4. Ng, Kam To & Fu, Xiaowen & Lee, Jaewoon & Yamaguchi, Katsuhiro & Zhu, Chuanyan, 2023. "The Effects of Bankruptcy on Airline Yield and Frequency: The case of the duopolistic domestic market in Japan," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 28-36.
    5. de Palma, André & Lindsey, Robin, 2020. "Tradable permit schemes for congestible facilities with uncertain supply and demand," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
    6. Sun, Xiaoqian & Wandelt, Sebastian & Zhang, Anming, 2022. "Ghostbusters: Hunting abnormal flights in Europe during COVID-19," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 203-217.
    7. Till Kösters & Marlena Meier & Gernot Sieg, 2023. "Effects of the use-it-or-lose-it rule on airline strategy and climate," Working Papers 36, Institute of Transport Economics, University of Muenster.
    8. Lin, Ming Hsin, 2020. "Congestion pricing and capacity for internationally interlinked airports," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 126-142.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lang, Hao & Czerny, Achim I., 2022. "Airport pricing versus (grandfathered) slots: A generalization," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    2. Noto, Claudio, 2020. "Airport slots, secondary trading, and congestion pricing at an airport with a dominant network airline," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    3. Kidokoro, Yukihiro & Zhang, Anming, 2018. "Airport congestion pricing and cost recovery with side business," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 222-236.
    4. Lin, Ming Hsin, 2020. "Congestion pricing and capacity for internationally interlinked airports," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 126-142.
    5. Gillen, David & Jacquillat, Alexandre & Odoni, Amedeo R., 2016. "Airport demand management: The operations research and economics perspectives and potential synergies," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 495-513.
    6. Lang, Hao & Czerny, Achim I., 2023. "Comparison of decentralized slot and pricing policies when airports are substitutes for non-local passengers," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    7. Aravena, Olivia & Basso, Leonardo J. & Figueroa, Nicolás, 2019. "Effects of asymmetric information on airport congestion management mechanisms," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 4-27.
    8. Zhang, Anming & Czerny, Achim I., 2012. "Airports and airlines economics and policy: An interpretive review of recent research," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 15-34.
    9. Jiang, Changmin & Zhang, Anming, 2015. "Airport congestion pricing and terminal investment: Effects of terminal congestion, passenger types, and concessionsAuthor-Name: Wan, Yulai," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 91-113.
    10. Lin, Ming Hsin, 2022. "Pricing regime choices for international airports: A rationale for the non-discrimination principle," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    11. Dixit, Aasheesh & Jakhar, Suresh Kumar, 2021. "Airport capacity management: A review and bibliometric analysis," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    12. Álvarez-Sanjaime, Óscar & Cantos-Sánchez, Pedro & Moner-Colonques, Rafael & Sempere-Monerris, Jose J., 2020. "A three-stage competition game in an air transport network under asymmetric valuation of flight frequencies," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
    13. Fu, Xiaowen & Lei, Zheng & Liu, Shaoxuan & Wang, Kun & Yan, Jia, 2020. "On-time performance policy in the Chinese aviation market - An innovation or disruption?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 14-23.
    14. Czerny, Achim I. & Cowan, Simon & Zhang, Anming, 2017. "How to mix per-flight and per-passenger based airport charges: The oligopoly case," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 483-500.
    15. Czerny, Achim I. & Zhang, Anming, 2014. "Airport congestion pricing when airlines price discriminate," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 77-89.
    16. Guo, Huanxiu & Jiang, Changmin & Wan, Yulai, 2018. "Can airfares tell? An alternative empirical strategy for airport congestion internalization," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 648-661.
    17. Hu, Rong & Chen, Lin & Zheng, Lijun, 2018. "Congestion pricing and environmental cost at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 126-132.
    18. Sunhyung Lee & Zexuan Liu & Haojun Yu, 2021. "Heterogeneous price effects and increased price dispersion from quantity‐based congestion management," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 59(3), pages 1378-1402, July.
    19. Lin, Ming Hsin, 2013. "Airport privatization in congested hub–spoke networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 51-67.
    20. Lin, Ming Hsin & Zhang, Anming, 2016. "Hub congestion pricing: Discriminatory passenger charges," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 5(C), pages 37-48.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Airports; Slots; Pricing; Local governments; Variable effect; Distribution effect;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L93 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Air Transportation
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • R48 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government Pricing and Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:125:y:2019:i:c:p:151-174. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/548/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.