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Free flow speed estimation: A probabilistic, latent approach. Impact of speed limit changes and road characteristics

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  • Silvano, Ary P.
  • Koutsopoulos, Haris N.
  • Farah, Haneen

Abstract

The estimation of the free flow speed (FFS) distribution is important for capacity analysis, determination of the level-of-service, and setting speed limits. Subjective time headway thresholds have been commonly used to identify vehicles travelling under free flow speed conditions i.e., vehicles whose speeds are not influenced by the vehicle in front. Since, the headway a driver operates under the free flow state is subjective and varies from driver to driver, such approaches can introduce biases in the FFS estimation. Therefore, in this paper a parametric probabilistic latent approach is proposed based on discrete choice utility theory to estimate the FFS distribution on urban roads and simultaneously the probability that drivers perceive their state as constrained by the vehicle in front. This methodology is used to estimate the impacts of road characteristics and Posted Speed Limit (PSL) changes on the FFS distribution using an extensive dataset of speed observations from urban roads with varying characteristics. The results show that the simultaneous estimation of the free flow speed distribution and the state the driver is in (e.g., free or constrained) is feasible. The analysis indicates that the FFS is influenced by several road characteristics such as land use, on-street parking and the presence of sidewalks. The PSL change impacts not only the distribution of the free flow vehicles but also the speed distribution of the constrained vehicles. The constrained probabilities vary depending on the PSL change with higher probabilities for lower speed limits.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvano, Ary P. & Koutsopoulos, Haris N. & Farah, Haneen, 2020. "Free flow speed estimation: A probabilistic, latent approach. Impact of speed limit changes and road characteristics," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 283-298.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:138:y:2020:i:c:p:283-298
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.05.024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hoogendoorn, S.P., 2005. "Unified approach to estimating free speed distributions," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 39(8), pages 709-727, September.
    2. Koutsopoulos, Haris N. & Farah, Haneen, 2012. "Latent class model for car following behavior," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 563-578.
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    4. David Branston, 1979. "A Method of Estimating the Free Speed Distribution for a Road," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 13(2), pages 130-145, May.
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    1. Moll, Sara & López, Griselda & García, Alfredo, 2024. "Speed limit management on two-lane rural roads shared by drivers and cyclists to improve safety and traffic operation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1-11.

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