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Parking enforcement policies for commercial vehicles

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  • Nourinejad, Mehdi
  • Roorda, Matthew J.

Abstract

Commercial vehicles are of particular interest in parking enforcement because of their heavy presence in central business districts and their recurrent behavior of illegal parking. To deter illegal commercial vehicle parking, enforcement policies are defined by the citation fine and level of enforcement. This paper investigates how rational carriers react to a policy under steady state equilibrium conditions. To model the equilibrium, the paper uses the theory of bilateral searching and meeting where enforcement units meet illegally parked commercial vehicles at a rate which depends on the size of the two agents (illegally parked commercial vehicles and enforcement units). In assessing policy effectiveness, two objectives are defined which are profit maximization and social cost minimization. With the two objectives, the paper presents three market regimes and studies the equilibrium of each market. The proposed model covers several gaps in the parking literature by introducing illegal parking behavior elasticity with respect to parking dwell time, level of enforcement, citation fine, and citation probability. The model is applied on a case study of the City of Toronto and the results show that the citation probability increases with dwell time and the level of enforcement. Increasing either the citation fine or level of enforcement will hinder illegal parking but the obtained profit remains approximately constant. Sensitivity analysis on the meeting rate elasticity shows that profits are low when both elasticities are either high or low.

Suggested Citation

  • Nourinejad, Mehdi & Roorda, Matthew J., 2017. "Parking enforcement policies for commercial vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 33-50.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:102:y:2017:i:c:p:33-50
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.04.007
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    Cited by:

    1. Ramirez-Rios, Diana G. & Kalahasthi, Lokesh Kumar & Holguín-Veras, José, 2023. "On-street parking for freight, services, and e-commerce traffic in US cities: A simulation model incorporating demand and duration," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    2. Liangpeng Gao & Yanjie Ji & Xingchen Yan & Yao Fan & Weihong Guo, 2021. "Incentive measures to avoid the illegal parking of dockless shared bikes: the relationships among incentive forms, intensity and policy compliance," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 1033-1060, April.
    3. Amer, Ahmed & Chow, Joseph Y.J., 2017. "A downtown on-street parking model with urban truck delivery behavior," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 51-67.
    4. Clélia Lopez & Chuan-Lin Zhao & Stéphane Magniol & Nicolas Chiabaut & Ludovic Leclercq, 2019. "Microscopic Simulation of Cruising for Parking of Trucks as a Measure to Manage Freight Loading Zone," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, February.
    5. Sheng, Dian & Wang, YiYao & Wang, Hua & Liu, Baoli & Tang, Tianpei, 2024. "Enforcement of the global sulphur cap: Can self-reporting provide a better solution?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    6. Zhong Wang & Rui Xu, 2022. "Price Controls and Platform Ecosystem: A Comparative Analysis of Parking Applications between Beijing and London," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.
    7. Nourinejad, Mehdi & Gandomi, Amir & Roorda, Matthew J., 2020. "Illegal parking and optimal enforcement policies with search friction," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    8. Samia Elattar & Hind Albalawi & Wafaa Saleh, 2023. "Parking Charges: Ingeniously Effective and Publicly Accepted in Riyadh?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-11, March.
    9. Najmi, Ali & Bostanara, Maryam & Gu, Ziyuan & Rashidi, Taha H., 2021. "On-street parking management and pricing policies: An evaluation from a system enhancement perspective," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 128-151.
    10. Sears, Sean & Moataz, Mohamed & Ferguson, Mark & Razavi, Saiedeh & Páez, Antonio, 2022. "Perceived barriers to the movement of goods in Canada: A grounded theory investigation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 27-45.

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