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Sources of challenge for adventure tourists: Scale development and validation

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  • Tsaur, Sheng-Hshiung
  • Lin, Wei-Rong
  • Liu, Jui Shiang

Abstract

One of the motives for tourists to pursue adventure activities is challenge. This research aimed to conceptualize the sources of challenge and to develop a relevant scale. First, in-depth interviews and content analysis were conducted in order to generate the initial items. Second, an exploratory factor analysis was performed by investigating 328 mountaineers. Seven factors were identified: the uncertainty of the environment; insufficiency of participants' resources; relationships with partners; difficulty of the activity; ability of the partners; equipment; and a sense of competition. Third, confirmative factor analysis was employed in order to investigate 312 subjects on-site. The seven factors outlined above were verified. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Tsaur, Sheng-Hshiung & Lin, Wei-Rong & Liu, Jui Shiang, 2013. "Sources of challenge for adventure tourists: Scale development and validation," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 85-93.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:38:y:2013:i:c:p:85-93
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.03.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Buckley, Ralf, 2012. "Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 961-970.
    2. Carnicelli-Filho, Sandro & Schwartz, Gisele Maria & Tahara, Alexander Klein, 2010. "Fear and adventure tourism in Brazil," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 953-956.
    3. Wu, Cedric Hsi-Jui & Liang, Rong-Da, 2011. "The relationship between white-water rafting experience formation and customer reaction: a flow theory perspective," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 317-325.
    4. Kassarjian, Harold H, 1977. "Content Analysis in Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 4(1), pages 8-18, June.
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    2. Boley, B. Bynum & McGehee, Nancy Gard, 2014. "Measuring empowerment: Developing and validating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS)," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 85-94.

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