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Distance-responsive predation is not necessary for the Janzen–Connell hypothesis

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  • Stump, Simon Maccracken
  • Chesson, Peter

Abstract

The Janzen–Connell hypothesis states that tree diversity in tropical forests is maintained by specialist predators that are distance- or density-responsive (i.e. predators that reduce seed or seedling survival near adults of their hosts). Many empirical studies have investigated whether predators are distance-responsive; however, few studies have examined whether distance-responsiveness matters for how predators maintain tree diversity. Using a site-occupancy model, we show analytically that distance-responsive predators are actually less able to maintain diversity than specialist predators that are not distance-responsive. Generally, specialist predators maintain diversity because they become rare when their host’s densities are low, reducing predation risk. However, if predators are distance-responsive, and most seeds cannot disperse away from these predators, then seed predation rates will remain high, even if predator density is low across the landscape. Consequently, a reduction in a host’s population density may not lead to a significant reduction in seed and seedling predation. We show that habitat partitioning can cause recruitment to be highest near conspecific adults, even in the presence of distance-responsive predators, without any change in the effect that the predators have on coexistence (a result contrary to predictions of the Janzen–Connell hypothesis). Rather, specialist predators and habitat partitioning have additive effects on species coexistence in our model, i.e., neither mechanism alters the effect of the other one.

Suggested Citation

  • Stump, Simon Maccracken & Chesson, Peter, 2015. "Distance-responsive predation is not necessary for the Janzen–Connell hypothesis," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 60-70.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:106:y:2015:i:c:p:60-70
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2015.10.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chesson, Peter & Kuang, Jessica J., 2010. "The storage effect due to frequency-dependent predation in multispecies plant communities," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 78(2), pages 148-164.
    2. Peter Chesson & Jessica J. Kuang, 2008. "The interaction between predation and competition," Nature, Nature, vol. 456(7219), pages 235-238, November.
    3. Kuang, Jessica J. & Chesson, Peter, 2010. "Interacting coexistence mechanisms in annual plant communities: Frequency-dependent predation and the storage effect," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 56-70.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stump, Simon Maccracken & Chesson, Peter, 2017. "How optimally foraging predators promote prey coexistence in a variable environment," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 40-58.

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