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E-commerce by individuals in Spain using panel data 2008–2016

Author

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  • Pérez-Amaral, Teodosio
  • Valarezo, Angel
  • López, Rafael
  • Garín-Muñoz, Teresa
  • Herguera, Iñigo

Abstract

Digital technologies sometimes create digital divides. One of the remedies for certain divides in Europe is the creation of the Digital Single Market, of which e-commerce is one of the main elements. The focus of this work is e-commerce in Spain. The current study improves on existing international literature by using a large and representative panel data set on individual consumers, with 133,420 observations for the period 2008–2016. Moreover, it uses economic models and employs a variety of panel techniques. This paper measures digital e-commerce divides and their evolution along time. Next, a model that incorporates previously neglected explanatory variables, at the individual level, such as income and digital skills, is formulated. Individual demand models are estimated using panel logistic regression techniques. This allows quantifying the impact of each of the socioeconomic and geographic characteristics on the adoption of the service. Newly incorporated variables are significant as well as age, education, gender and geographical and time variables. The results allow novel regional comparisons. Policy recommendations are derived, suggesting effective and affordable measures targeted at specific socio-demographic groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Pérez-Amaral, Teodosio & Valarezo, Angel & López, Rafael & Garín-Muñoz, Teresa & Herguera, Iñigo, 2020. "E-commerce by individuals in Spain using panel data 2008–2016," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(4).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:telpol:v:44:y:2020:i:4:s0308596119301272
    DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101888
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Angelo Leogrande & Carlo Drago & Massimo Arnone, 2024. "Analyzing Regional Disparities in E-Commerce Adoption Among Italian SMEs: Integrating Machine Learning Clustering and Predictive Models with Econometric Analysis," Working Papers hal-04700413, HAL.
    4. Ren, Wei & Zhu, Xiaowen, 2024. "The age-based digital divides in China: Trends and socioeconomic differentials (2010–2020)," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(3).
    5. Fernández-Bonilla, Fernando & Gijón, Covadonga & De la Vega, Bárbara, 2022. "E-commerce in Spain: Determining factors and the importance of the e-trust," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1).
    6. Pérez-Amaral, Teodosio & Valarezo, Angel & López, Rafael & Garín-Muñoz, Teresa, 2021. "Digital divides across consumers of internet services in Spain using panel data 2007–2019. Narrowing or not?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(2).
    7. Suárez, David & García-Mariñoso, Begoña, 2021. "Does ad blocking have an effect on online shopping?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(3).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    E-commerce; E-commerce digital divide; Individual consumers; ICT-H survey; Individual annual panel data; Logistic regression; Dynamic model; Heckman selection model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
    • D11 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Theory
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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