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Unleashing the potential of online learning in Spain: An econometric analysis

Author

Listed:
  • López, Rafael
  • Valarezo, Ángel
  • Pérez-Amaral, Teodosio

Abstract

Online learning and training continue gaining momentum worldwide resulting in the reduction of the traditional form of face-to-face education with its temporal and spatial limitations. Online education improves access to education and training, as witnessed during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article focuses on online education adoption in Spain. A representative survey on ICT use in households conducted annually by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics is used to construct a panel database for the years 2008–2020. The first objective is to provide an econometric model for adopting online education using this panel data. Next is to measure the effects of relevant observable individual socioeconomic variables on adoption. A Heckman selection model allows for estimating the impact of gender, age, education, digital skills, habitat, and income. The article also measures the effects of Covid-19 in 2020 on different population groups. The drivers and impediments have the expected signs and plausible sizes. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and suggestions for further research.

Suggested Citation

  • López, Rafael & Valarezo, Ángel & Pérez-Amaral, Teodosio, 2023. "Unleashing the potential of online learning in Spain: An econometric analysis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(6).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:telpol:v:47:y:2023:i:6:s0308596123000551
    DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102544
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    1. Ren, Wei & Zhu, Xiaowen, 2024. "The age-based digital divides in China: Trends and socioeconomic differentials (2010–2020)," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(3).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    E-learning adoption; Online education; Digital skills; Linear probability model; Logistic model; Heckman model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C30 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - General
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
    • L96 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Telecommunications

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