A framework for digital twins solutions for 5 PL operators

The logistics industry is undergoing a profound transformation to cope with the fundamental changes in customer expectations and the need for digitalization imposed by the pandemic, changes in the socio-economic world, and technology. This research paper addresses the use of Digital Twins in the logistics industry at the network, site, and asset levels. There is no single definition of a Digital Twins framework for logistics twins in academic and industry practice, so a scientific method allows for investigation from an exploratory perspective. Data/fact findings were conducted in two ways: (1) in-depth interviews with experts from academia, ICT organizations, and key players in the logistics industry; (2) academic publications, industry reports, and written and media content from established national and international organizations. This paper proposes a conceptual Digital Twins framework for logistics (DTLs). This paper clarifies DTL concepts and defines an implementation from academic and practical points of view. It thoroughly explores actual use cases of DTLs to validate the concept and optimize its implementation. This paper explains how DTLs work and add value to businesses. In doing so, it outlines different technological requirements for solutions and logistical performance objectives when implementing different levels of DTLs. This paper focuses on Fifth-Party Logistics Providers (5 PLs) due to their complexity and the fact that they are becoming increasingly important and relatively widespread. This paper combines academic and industry perspectives to gain a shared understanding of DTLs as an entire logistics value chain in the case of 5 PLs. It provides a practical reference for researchers and practitioners to facilitate discussion on DTLs.