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Association of sociodemographic characteristics of children with intellectual disability in Western Australia

Author

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  • Leonard, Helen
  • Petterson, Beverly
  • De Klerk, Nicholas
  • Zubrick, Stephen R.
  • Glasson, Emma
  • Sanders, Richard
  • Bower, Carol

Abstract

The social determinants of intellectual disability (ID) are poorly understood, particularly in Australia. This study has investigated sociodemographic correlates of ID of unknown cause in Western Australian born children. Using record linkage to the Western Australian Maternal & Child Health Research Database, maternal sociodemographic characteristics of children with ID (of unknown cause) born between 1983 and 1992 (n=2871) were compared with those of children without ID (n=236,964). Socioeconomic indices for areas based on the census district of mother's residence were also included in the analysis. Aboriginal mothers (OR=2.83 [CI: 2.52, 3.18]), teenagers (OR=2.09 [CI: 1.82, 2.40]) and single mothers (OR=2.18 [CI: 1.97, 2.42]) were all at increased risk of having a child with mild or moderate ID. Children of mothers in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged 10% had more than five times the risk of mild and moderate ID compared with those in the least disadvantaged 10% (OR=5.61 [CI: 4.42, 7.12]). Fourth or later born children were also at increased risk (OR=1.82 [CI: 1.63, 2.02]). The results of the study have implications both for further aetiological investigation as well as service provision for children with ID. Furthermore, many of the sociodemographic correlates identified in this study, particularly in the mild/moderate category of ID, are potentially modifiable, opening up opportunities for primary prevention.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonard, Helen & Petterson, Beverly & De Klerk, Nicholas & Zubrick, Stephen R. & Glasson, Emma & Sanders, Richard & Bower, Carol, 2005. "Association of sociodemographic characteristics of children with intellectual disability in Western Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(7), pages 1499-1513, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:60:y:2005:i:7:p:1499-1513
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    1. Drews, C.D. & Yeargin-Allsopp, M. & Decoufle, P. & Murphy, C.C., 1995. "Variation in the influence of selected sociodemographic risk factors for mental retardation," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 85(3), pages 329-334.
    2. Sophia Rabe-Hesketh & Anders Skrondal & Andrew Pickles, 2002. "Reliable estimation of generalized linear mixed models using adaptive quadrature," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 2(1), pages 1-21, February.
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    2. Julie Vinck, 2020. "Income poverty among children with a disability in Belgium: the interplay between parental employment, social background and targeted cash support," Working Papers 2009, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    3. Jin Young Nam & Young Choi & Mo Kyung Jung & Jaeyong Shin & Kyoung Hee Cho & Woorim Kim & Eun-Cheol Park, 2018. "The effect of neonatal hypothyroidism and low family income on intellectual disability: A population-based cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, November.

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