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Gender equity and socioeconomic inequality: a framework for the patterning of women's health

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  • Moss, Nancy E.

Abstract

This paper explores the interrelationship of gender equity and socioeconomic inequality and how they affect women's health at the macro- (country) and micro- (household and individual) levels. An integrated framework draws theoretical perspectives from both approaches and from public health. Determinants of women's health in the geopolitical environment include country-specific history and geography, policies and services, legal rights, organizations and institutions, and structures that shape gender and economic inequality. Culture, norms and sanctions at the country and community level, and sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level, influence women's productive and reproductive roles in the household and workplace. Social capital, roles, psychosocial stresses and resources, health services, and behaviors mediate social, economic and cultural effects on health outcomes. Inequality between and within households contributes to the patterning of women's health. Within the framework, relationships may vary depending upon women's lifestage and cohort experience. Examples of other relevant theoretical frameworks are discussed. The conclusion suggests strategies to improve data, influence policy, and extend research to better understand the effect of gender and socioeconomic inequality on women's health.

Suggested Citation

  • Moss, Nancy E., 2002. "Gender equity and socioeconomic inequality: a framework for the patterning of women's health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 54(5), pages 649-661, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:54:y:2002:i:5:p:649-661
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    1. Dahlin, Johanna & Härkönen, Juho, 2013. "Cross-national differences in the gender gap in subjective health in Europe: Does country-level gender equality matter?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 24-28.
    2. Dixon, Jenna & Luginaah, Isaac & Mkandawire, Paul, 2014. "The National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana's Upper West Region: A gendered perspective of insurance acquisition in a resource-poor setting," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 103-112.
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    4. Medina-Perucha, Laura & Scott, Jenny & Chapman, Sarah & Barnett, Julie & Dack, Charlotte & Family, Hannah, 2019. "A qualitative study on intersectional stigma and sexual health among women on opioid substitution treatment in England: Implications for research, policy and practice," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 315-322.
    5. Tolhurst, Rachel & Amekudzi, Yaa Peprah & Nyonator, Frank K. & Bertel Squire, S. & Theobald, Sally, 2008. ""He will ask why the child gets sick so often": The gendered dynamics of intra-household bargaining over healthcare for children with fever in the Volta Region of Ghana," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(5), pages 1106-1117, March.
    6. María Jesús Vega-Salas & Paola Caro & Laura Johnson & Miranda E. G. Armstrong & Angeliki Papadaki, 2021. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour among the Chilean Population: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Shu-Ling Huang & Ren-Hau Li & Shu-Yi Fang & Feng-Cheng Tang, 2019. "Well-Being: Its Relationship with Work-to-Family Conflict and Burnout among Males and Females," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-10, June.
    8. Phoutkanya Dalasavong & Nittana Southiseng & John Walsh, 2015. "Household Production and Market Engagement among Resettled Hmong and Lao Loum Communities," Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, Centre for Agrarian Research and Education for South, vol. 4(2), pages 197-215, August.
    9. Fritzell, Sara & Ringbäck Weitoft, Gunilla & Fritzell, Johan & Burström, Bo, 2007. "From macro to micro: The health of Swedish lone mothers during changing economic and social circumstances," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(12), pages 2474-2488, December.
    10. Rita Watterson & Lynn McIntyre & Krista Rondeau, 2013. "A case of gendered hazards and health effects for ultra-poor women," Chapters, in: Deborah M. Figart & Tonia L. Warnecke (ed.), Handbook of Research on Gender and Economic Life, chapter 28, pages 454-467, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    11. Marta Gil‐Lacruz & Ana I. Gil‐Lacruz, 2010. "Health Perception and Health Care Access: Sex Differences in Behaviors and Attitudes," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(2), pages 783-801, April.
    12. Norma Fuentes-Mayorga & Alfredo Cuecuecha Mendoza, 2023. "The Most Vulnerable Hispanic Immigrants in New York City: Structural Racism and Gendered Differences in COVID-19 Deaths," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-21, May.
    13. Centre for Budget and Policy Studies CBPS, 2018. "An Ethnographic Study of the Mathru Poorna Yojana (One Full Meal) Pilot Project for Pregnant and Lactating Mothers in Two Blocks of Two Districts in Karnataka," Working Papers id:12644, eSocialSciences.
    14. Nobles, Jenna & Brown, Ryan & Catalano, Ralph, 2010. "National independence, women's political participation, and life expectancy in Norway," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(9), pages 1350-1357, May.
    15. Griffiths, F. & Green, E. & Bendelow, G., 2006. "Health professionals, their medical interventions and uncertainty: A study focusing on women at midlife," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(5), pages 1078-1090, March.
    16. Ana Gil-Lacruz & Marta Gil-Lacruz & María Isabel Saz-Gil, 2020. "Socially Active Aging and Self-Reported Health: Building a Sustainable Solidarity Ecosystem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, March.
    17. Ali, Shabbir & Nadeem, Ahmed, 2021. "The Impact of Socio-emotional competencies, Socio-economic factors, and the Employability process on Employment Status," MPRA Paper 108942, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Achim Siegel & Jonas F. Schug & Monika A. Rieger, 2022. "Social Determinants of Remaining Life Expectancy at Age 60: A District-Level Analysis in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-21, January.
    19. Jolidon, Vladimir, 2022. "Gender inequality and mammography screening: Does living with a partner improve women's mammography uptake?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    20. Frohlich, Katherine L. & Ross, Nancy & Richmond, Chantelle, 2006. "Health disparities in Canada today: Some evidence and a theoretical framework," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(2-3), pages 132-143, December.
    21. Almedom, Astier M., 2005. "Social capital and mental health: An interdisciplinary review of primary evidence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(5), pages 943-964, September.
    22. Lucy J. Frankham & Einar B. Thorsteinsson & Warren Bartik, 2023. "The Impact of COVID-19 Related Distress on Antenatal Depression in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-10, March.
    23. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Munyanyi, Musharavati Ephraim & Prakash, Kushneel & Smyth, Russell, 2020. "Locus of control and the gender gap in mental health," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 740-758.
    24. Ford-Gilboe, Marilyn & Wuest, Judith & Varcoe, Colleen & Davies, Lorraine & Merritt-Gray, Marilyn & Campbell, Jacquelyn & Wilk, Piotr, 2009. "Modelling the effects of intimate partner violence and access to resources on women's health in the early years after leaving an abusive partner," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(6), pages 1021-1029, March.
    25. Homan, Patricia, 2017. "Political gender inequality and infant mortality in the United States, 1990–2012," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 127-135.

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