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Does utilizing smart contracts induce a financial connectedness between Ethereum and non-fungible tokens?

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  • Gunay, Samet
  • Kaskaloglu, Kerem

Abstract

The majority of NFTs utilize the Ethereum blockchain platform to facilitate smart contracts. In this paper, we execute various econometric analyses to determine if this technical dependence induces a financial linkage to the risk, return, and prices of assets. For robustness, we also test the same relation between Bitcoin and NFTs. Empirical analyses are conducted through SADF bubbles test, DCC-GARCH time-varying correlation analysis, Bootstrap causality tests and spillover analysis. According to the results of various price, return, and volatility analyses, we find that NFTs do not demonstrate idiosyncratic features in their price developments and thus they cannot be considered as a separate asset class. Additionally, NFTs do not possess a specific financial linkage with Ethereum from using its infrastructure. Finally, we suggest NFT investors use alternative financial instruments, rather than Ether and Bitcoin in portfolio diversification, due to the presence of significant time-varying relationships and interactions.

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  • Gunay, Samet & Kaskaloglu, Kerem, 2022. "Does utilizing smart contracts induce a financial connectedness between Ethereum and non-fungible tokens?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:63:y:2022:i:c:s0275531922001593
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101773
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    Cited by:

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    2. Zhang, Xu & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Du, Yuting & Rauf, Abdul, 2024. "Examining the bidirectional ripple effects in the NFT markets: Risky center or hedging center?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    3. Ayesha Kalhoro & Asif Ali Wagan & Abdullah Ayub Khan & Jim-Min Lin & Chin Soon Ku & Lip Yee Por & Jing Yang, 2023. "Rewarding Developers by Storing Applications on Non-Fungible Tokens," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, May.
    4. Umar, Zaghum & Usman, Muhammad & Choi, Sun-Yong & Rice, John, 2023. "Diversification benefits of NFTs for conventional asset investors: Evidence from CoVaR with higher moments and optimal hedge ratios," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    5. Saravanan Periyasami & Aravin Prince Periyasamy, 2022. "Metaverse as Future Promising Platform Business Model: Case Study on Fashion Value Chain," Businesses, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-19, November.
    6. Abdullah, Mohammad & Sarker, Provash Kumer & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Rehman, Mohd Ziaur, 2024. "Tail risk intersection between tech-tokens and tech-stocks," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    7. Gunay, Samet & Altınkeski, Buket Kırcı & Ismail Çevik, Emrah & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Quantifying systemic risk in the cryptocurrency market: A sectoral analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).
    8. Saravanan Periyasami & Aravin Prince Periyasamy, 2022. "Metaverse as Future Promising Platform Business Model: Case Study on Fashion Value Chain," Businesses, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-21, November.
    9. Shaen Corbet & John W. Goodell & Samet Gunay & Kerem Kaskaloglu, 2023. "Are DeFi tokens a separate asset class from conventional cryptocurrencies?," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 322(2), pages 609-630, March.
    10. Proelss, Juliane & Sévigny, Stéphane & Schweizer, Denis, 2023. "GameFi: The perfect symbiosis of blockchain, tokens, DeFi, and NFTs?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

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