Laboratory exercises of photovoltaic systems–Review of the equpment, methodology, trials and results

The laboratory for renewable energy sources of the Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad (Serbia) contains the equipment regarding solar and thermal techniques, based on the implementation of solar panels, heat pumps and a pellet stove. Photovoltaic systems include the implementation of static photovoltaic panels, trackers and inverters for power supply of autonomous consumers. In addition, the laboratory is equipped with modern systems of internal and external lighting, a wind generator with accompanying inverter, elements of smart installations and fuel cell systems for laboratory measurements. This paper presents experiences in the implementation of the photovoltaic systems in the educational process through laboratory exercises. The specification of the laboratory equipment, the methodology of work, as well as the electrical schemes of experiments of open circuits and short circuit, recording of electricity-voltage characteristics, tracking the maximum power point, serial and parallel connection and shading of photovoltaic cell are presented. The second group of the trial is performed on the "off grid" photovoltaic system set in the schoolyard and connected to the appropriate inverter with the autonomous group of consumers. The paper presents the results of laboratory measurements, issues for discussion, evaluation of the performance and conclusions.