IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v65y2016icp756-769.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A review on third generation bioethanol feedstock

Author

Listed:
  • Jambo, Siti Azmah
  • Abdulla, Rahmath
  • Mohd Azhar, Siti Hajar
  • Marbawi, Hartinie
  • Gansau, Jualang Azlan
  • Ravindra, Pogaku

Abstract

The current issues of the depletion of fossil fuels reserve and environmental changes have increased the concern for the hunt of sustainable renewable energy for the future generations. Biofuels emerged as a promising viable alternative to replace the existing fossil fuels. Among these, bioethanol outstands due to its ability to substitute gasoline. However, the major challenge in bioethanol industry is the need to discover a suitable feedstock together with an environmentally friendly approach and an economically feasible process of production. The first generation and second generation bioethanol appeared unsustainable due to its impact on food security as well as inflated production process. These problems and concerns have directed the search for the third generation bioethanol (TGB) feedstock from marine algae. The integration of algae (microalgae and macroalgae) as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol has gained worldwide attention in terms of food security and environmental impact. The research on algal utilization in bioethanol has increased in recent years and is expected to become the major drives in bioethanol industry. Therefore, the potential and prospects of the third generation bioethanol feedstock are being highlighted in this review. An insight into the current hydrolysis and fermentation technologies on algal conversion together with the economics and viability of the process are also accounted. This review can be crucial in providing ideas for the future studies that can be implemented in the commercialization of bioethanol from the third generation feedstock.

Suggested Citation

  • Jambo, Siti Azmah & Abdulla, Rahmath & Mohd Azhar, Siti Hajar & Marbawi, Hartinie & Gansau, Jualang Azlan & Ravindra, Pogaku, 2016. "A review on third generation bioethanol feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 756-769.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:65:y:2016:i:c:p:756-769
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.064
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032116303926
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.064?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maity, Jyoti Prakash & Hou, Chia-Peng & Majumder, Dip & Bundschuh, Jochen & Kulp, Thomas R. & Chen, Chien-Yen & Chuang, Lu-Te & Nathan Chen, Ching-Nen & Jean, Jiin-Shuh & Yang, Tsui-Chu & Chen, Chien-, 2014. "The production of biofuel and bioelectricity associated with wastewater treatment by green algae," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 94-103.
    2. Subhadra, Bobban & Edwards, Mark, 2010. "An integrated renewable energy park approach for algal biofuel production in United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(9), pages 4897-4902, September.
    3. Jack P. C. Kleijnen, 2015. "Response Surface Methodology," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Michael C Fu (ed.), Handbook of Simulation Optimization, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 81-104, Springer.
    4. Zeng, Xianhai & Danquah, Michael K. & Chen, Xiao Dong & Lu, Yinghua, 2011. "Microalgae bioengineering: From CO2 fixation to biofuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3252-3260, August.
    5. Scaife, Mark A. & Merkx-Jacques, Alexandra & Woodhall, David L. & Armenta, Roberto E., 2015. "Algal biofuels in Canada: Status and potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 620-642.
    6. Abinandan, S. & Shanthakumar, S., 2015. "Challenges and opportunities in application of microalgae (Chlorophyta) for wastewater treatment: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 123-132.
    7. Gnansounou, Edgard & Kenthorai Raman, Jegannathan, 2016. "Life cycle assessment of algae biodiesel and its co-products," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 300-308.
    8. Ribeiro, Lauro A. & da Silva, Patrícia Pereira & Mata, Teresa M. & Martins, António A., 2015. "Prospects of using microalgae for biofuels production: Results of a Delphi study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 799-804.
    9. Adenle, Ademola A. & Haslam, Gareth E. & Lee, Lisa, 2013. "Global assessment of research and development for algae biofuel production and its potential role for sustainable development in developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 182-195.
    10. Goh, Chun Sheng & Lee, Keat Teong, 2010. "A visionary and conceptual macroalgae-based third-generation bioethanol (TGB) biorefinery in Sabah, Malaysia as an underlay for renewable and sustainable development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 842-848, February.
    11. Mohr, Alison & Raman, Sujatha, 2013. "Lessons from first generation biofuels and implications for the sustainability appraisal of second generation biofuels," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 114-122.
    12. Ribeiro, Barbara Esteves, 2013. "Beyond commonplace biofuels: Social aspects of ethanol," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 355-362.
    13. Ettore Damiano & Hao Li & Wing Suen, 2010. "First In Village Or Second In Rome?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 51(1), pages 263-288, February.
    14. Subhadra, Bobban G., 2010. "Sustainability of algal biofuel production using integrated renewable energy park (IREP) and algal biorefinery approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5892-5901, October.
    15. Demirbas, M. Fatih, 2011. "Biofuels from algae for sustainable development," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3473-3480.
    16. Singh, Jasvinder & Gu, Sai, 2010. "Commercialization potential of microalgae for biofuels production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2596-2610, December.
    17. Raslavičius, Laurencas & Semenov, Vladimir G. & Chernova, Nadezhda I. & Keršys, Artūras & Kopeyka, Aleksandr K., 2014. "Producing transportation fuels from algae: In search of synergy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 133-142.
    18. Song, Minkyung & Duc Pham, Hong & Seon, Jiyun & Chul Woo, Hee, 2015. "Marine brown algae: A conundrum answer for sustainable biofuels production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 782-792.
    19. Wei, Ping & Cheng, Li-Hua & Zhang, Lin & Xu, Xin-Hua & Chen, Huan-lin & Gao, Cong-jie, 2014. "A review of membrane technology for bioethanol production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 388-400.
    20. Trivedi, Jayati & Aila, Mounika & Bangwal, D.P. & Kaul, Savita & Garg, M.O., 2015. "Algae based biorefinery—How to make sense?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 295-307.
    21. Noraini, M.Y. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Badrul, Mohamed Jan & Chong, W.T., 2014. "A review on potential enzymatic reaction for biofuel production from algae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 24-34.
    22. Suali, Emma & Sarbatly, Rosalam, 2012. "Conversion of microalgae to biofuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 4316-4342.
    23. Singh, Anoop & Olsen, Stig Irving, 2011. "A critical review of biochemical conversion, sustainability and life cycle assessment of algal biofuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3548-3555.
    24. Carriquiry, Miguel A. & Du, Xiaodong & Timilsina, Govinda R., 2011. "Second generation biofuels: Economics and policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 4222-4234, July.
    25. Koçar, Günnur & Civaş, Nilgün, 2013. "An overview of biofuels from energy crops: Current status and future prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 900-916.
    26. Guo, Mingxin & Song, Weiping & Buhain, Jeremy, 2015. "Bioenergy and biofuels: History, status, and perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 712-725.
    27. Tan, Inn Shi & Lee, Keat Teong, 2014. "Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of seaweed solid wastes for bioethanol production: An optimization study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 53-62.
    28. Havlík, Petr & Schneider, Uwe A. & Schmid, Erwin & Böttcher, Hannes & Fritz, Steffen & Skalský, Rastislav & Aoki, Kentaro & Cara, Stéphane De & Kindermann, Georg & Kraxner, Florian & Leduc, Sylvain & , 2011. "Global land-use implications of first and second generation biofuel targets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 5690-5702, October.
    29. Mata, Teresa M. & Martins, António A. & Caetano, Nidia. S., 2010. "Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 217-232, January.
    30. Fasahati, Peyman & Liu, J. Jay, 2015. "Economic, energy, and environmental impacts of alcohol dehydration technology on biofuel production from brown algae," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2321-2336.
    31. Subhadra, Bobban G. & Edwards, Mark, 2011. "Coproduct market analysis and water footprint of simulated commercial algal biorefineries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3515-3523.
    32. Suganya, T. & Varman, M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Renganathan, S., 2016. "Macroalgae and microalgae as a potential source for commercial applications along with biofuels production: A biorefinery approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 909-941.
    33. Daroch, Maurycy & Geng, Shu & Wang, Guangyi, 2013. "Recent advances in liquid biofuel production from algal feedstocks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1371-1381.
    34. Ghadiryanfar, Mohsen & Rosentrater, Kurt A. & Keyhani, Alireza & Omid, Mahmoud, 2016. "A review of macroalgae production, with potential applications in biofuels and bioenergy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 473-481.
    35. Chen, Huihui & Zhou, Dong & Luo, Gang & Zhang, Shicheng & Chen, Jianmin, 2015. "Macroalgae for biofuels production: Progress and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 427-437.
    36. Liu, Guangmin & Qiao, Lina & Zhang, Hong & Zhao, Dan & Su, Xudong, 2014. "The effects of illumination factors on the growth and HCO3− fixation of microalgae in an experiment culture system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 40-47.
    37. Subhadra, Bobban G., 2011. "Water management policies for the algal biofuel sector in the Southwestern United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3492-3498.
    38. Bharathiraja, B. & Chakravarthy, M. & Ranjith Kumar, R. & Yogendran, D. & Yuvaraj, D. & Jayamuthunagai, J. & Praveen Kumar, R. & Palani, S., 2015. "Aquatic biomass (algae) as a future feed stock for bio-refineries: A review on cultivation, processing and products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 634-653.
    39. Tye, Ying Ying & Lee, Keat Teong & Wan Abdullah, Wan Nadiah & Leh, Cheu Peng, 2011. "Second-generation bioethanol as a sustainable energy source in Malaysia transportation sector: Status, potential and future prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4521-4536.
    40. Raheem, Abdul & Wan Azlina, W.A.K.G. & Taufiq Yap, Y.H. & Danquah, Michael K. & Harun, Razif, 2015. "Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass for biofuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 990-999.
    41. Daylan, B. & Ciliz, N., 2016. "Life cycle assessment and environmental life cycle costing analysis of lignocellulosic bioethanol as an alternative transportation fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 578-587.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Derman, Eryati & Abdulla, Rahmath & Marbawi, Hartinie & Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan, 2018. "Oil palm empty fruit bunches as a promising feedstock for bioethanol production in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 285-298.
    2. Jain, Sanyam & Kumar, Shushil, 2024. "A comprehensive review of bioethanol production from diverse feedstocks: Current advancements and economic perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    3. Gabriella Garbarino & Giovanni Pampararo & Thanh Khoa Phung & Paola Riani & Guido Busca, 2020. "Heterogeneous Catalysis in (Bio)Ethanol Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels: Thermodynamics, Catalysis, Reaction Paths, Mechanisms and Product Selectivities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Raud, M. & Kikas, T. & Sippula, O. & Shurpali, N.J., 2019. "Potentials and challenges in lignocellulosic biofuel production technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 44-56.
    5. Rastogi, Meenal & Shrivastava, Smriti, 2017. "Recent advances in second generation bioethanol production: An insight to pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 330-340.
    6. Weldemhret, Teklebrahan G. & Bañares, Angelo B. & Ramos, Kristine Rose M. & Lee, Won-Keun & Nisola, Grace M. & Valdehuesa, Kris Niño G. & Chung, Wook-Jin, 2020. "Current advances in ionic liquid-based pre-treatment and depolymerization of macroalgal biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 283-299.
    7. Demiray, Ekin & Karatay, Sevgi Ertuğrul & Dönmez, Gönül, 2018. "Evaluation of pomegranate peel in ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 988-994.
    8. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Martínez-Boggio, Santiago & Rückert Roso, Vinícius & Duarte Souza Alvarenga Santos, Nathália, 2020. "Potential of bio-ethanol in different advanced combustion modes for hybrid passenger vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 58-77.
    9. Adeniyi, Oladapo Martins & Azimov, Ulugbek & Burluka, Alexey, 2018. "Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 316-335.
    10. Hamid, M. Fadzli & Idroas, M. Yusof & Mazlan, M. & Sa'ad, S. & Teoh, Y.H. & Che Mat, S. & Miskam, M.A. & Abdullah, M.K., 2022. "Methods for improving the in-cylinder airflow characteristics for sustainable transportation using fuels with higher viscosity: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    11. Sudhakar, K. & Mamat, R. & Samykano, M. & Azmi, W.H. & Ishak, W.F.W. & Yusaf, Talal, 2018. "An overview of marine macroalgae as bioresource," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 165-179.
    12. Usmani, Zeba & Sharma, Minaxi & Awasthi, Abhishek Kumar & Lukk, Tiit & Tuohy, Maria G. & Gong, Liang & Nguyen-Tri, Phuong & Goddard, Alan D. & Bill, Roslyn M. & Nayak, S.Chandra & Gupta, Vijai Kumar, 2021. "Lignocellulosic biorefineries: The current state of challenges and strategies for efficient commercialization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    13. Xing, Hui & Spence, Stephen & Chen, Hua, 2020. "A comprehensive review on countermeasures for CO2 emissions from ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    14. Ramanna, Luveshan & Rawat, Ismail & Bux, Faizal, 2017. "Light enhancement strategies improve microalgal biomass productivity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 765-773.
    15. Lin, Cherng-Yuan & Lu, Cherie, 2021. "Development perspectives of promising lignocellulose feedstocks for production of advanced generation biofuels: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    16. Liu, Yang & Chen, Xiaoyi & Wang, Xinhui & Fang, Yang & Zhang, Yin & Huang, Mengjun & Zhao, Hai, 2019. "The influence of different plant hormones on biomass and starch accumulation of duckweed: A renewable feedstock for bioethanol production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 659-665.
    17. Remston Martis & Amani Al-Othman & Muhammad Tawalbeh & Malek Alkasrawi, 2020. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Date Palm Biomass Feedstock for Biofuel Production in UAE: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Fermentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-34, November.
    18. Sameer Neve & Dibyendu Sarkar & Zhiming Zhang & Rupali Datta, 2022. "Optimized Production of Second-Generation Bioethanol from a Spent C4 Grass: Vetiver ( Chrysopogon zizanioides )," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-12, December.
    19. Jeong, Hanseob & Lee, Jaejung & Ju, Young Min & Lee, Soo Min, 2019. "Using electro-coagulation treatment to remove phenolic compounds and furan derivatives in hydrolysates resulting from pilot-scale supercritical water hydrolysis of Mongolian oak," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 971-979.
    20. Yiyang Liu & Jingluo Min & Xingyu Feng & Yue He & Jinze Liu & Yixiao Wang & Jun He & Hainam Do & Valérie Sage & Gang Yang & Yong Sun, 2020. "A Review of Biohydrogen Productions from Lignocellulosic Precursor via Dark Fermentation: Perspective on Hydrolysate Composition and Electron-Equivalent Balance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-27, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kouhgardi, Esmaeil & Zendehboudi, Sohrab & Mohammadzadeh, Omid & Lohi, Ali & Chatzis, Ioannis, 2023. "Current status and future prospects of biofuel production from brown algae in North America: Progress and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    2. Milano, Jassinnee & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Masjuki, H.H. & Chong, W.T. & Lam, Man Kee & Loh, Ping Kwan & Vellayan, Viknes, 2016. "Microalgae biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuel for power generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 180-197.
    3. Adeniyi, Oladapo Martins & Azimov, Ulugbek & Burluka, Alexey, 2018. "Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 316-335.
    4. Lucas Reijnders, 2013. "Lipid‐based liquid biofuels from autotrophic microalgae: energetic and environmental performance," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(1), pages 73-85, January.
    5. Shah, Syed Hasnain & Raja, Iftikhar Ahmed & Rizwan, Muhammad & Rashid, Naim & Mahmood, Qaisar & Shah, Fayyaz Ali & Pervez, Arshid, 2018. "Potential of microalgal biodiesel production and its sustainability perspectives in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 76-92.
    6. Ramachandra, T.V. & Hebbale, Deepthi, 2020. "Bioethanol from macroalgae: Prospects and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    7. Thomassen, Gwenny & Van Dael, Miet & Lemmens, Bert & Van Passel, Steven, 2017. "A review of the sustainability of algal-based biorefineries: Towards an integrated assessment framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 876-887.
    8. Fionnuala Murphy & Ger Devlin & Rory Deverell & Kevin McDonnell, 2013. "Biofuel Production in Ireland—An Approach to 2020 Targets with a Focus on Algal Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(12), pages 1-22, December.
    9. Marcin Dębowski & Marcin Zieliński & Joanna Kazimierowicz & Natalia Kujawska & Szymon Talbierz, 2020. "Microalgae Cultivation Technologies as an Opportunity for Bioenergetic System Development—Advantages and Limitations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-37, November.
    10. Azizi, Kolsoom & Keshavarz Moraveji, Mostafa & Abedini Najafabadi, Hamed, 2018. "A review on bio-fuel production from microalgal biomass by using pyrolysis method," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3046-3059.
    11. Kargbo, Hannah & Harris, Jonathan Stuart & Phan, Anh N., 2021. "“Drop-in” fuel production from biomass: Critical review on techno-economic feasibility and sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    12. Ji, Xi & Long, Xianling, 2016. "A review of the ecological and socioeconomic effects of biofuel and energy policy recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 41-52.
    13. Bibi, Riaz & Ahmad, Zulfiqar & Imran, Muhammad & Hussain, Sabir & Ditta, Allah & Mahmood, Shahid & Khalid, Azeem, 2017. "Algal bioethanol production technology: A trend towards sustainable development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 976-985.
    14. Safi, Carl & Zebib, Bachar & Merah, Othmane & Pontalier, Pierre-Yves & Vaca-Garcia, Carlos, 2014. "Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 265-278.
    15. Alvin B. Culaba & Aristotle T. Ubando & Phoebe Mae L. Ching & Wei-Hsin Chen & Jo-Shu Chang, 2020. "Biofuel from Microalgae: Sustainable Pathways," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-19, September.
    16. Tandon, Puja & Jin, Qiang, 2017. "Microalgae culture enhancement through key microbial approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1089-1099.
    17. Mathimani, Thangavel & Mallick, Nirupama, 2018. "A comprehensive review on harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel – Key challenges and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1103-1120.
    18. Sudhakar, K. & Mamat, R. & Samykano, M. & Azmi, W.H. & Ishak, W.F.W. & Yusaf, Talal, 2018. "An overview of marine macroalgae as bioresource," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 165-179.
    19. Cuevas-Castillo, Gabriela A. & Navarro-Pineda, Freddy S. & Baz Rodríguez, Sergio A. & Sacramento Rivero, Julio C., 2020. "Advances on the processing of microalgal biomass for energy-driven biorefineries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    20. Cheah, Wai Yan & Ling, Tau Chuan & Show, Pau Loke & Juan, Joon Ching & Chang, Jo-Shu & Lee, Duu-Jong, 2016. "Cultivation in wastewaters for energy: A microalgae platform," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 609-625.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:65:y:2016:i:c:p:756-769. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.