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Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part II: Cell manufacturing

Author

Listed:
  • Davis, Kristopher O.
  • Rodgers, Marianne P.
  • Scardera, Giuseppe
  • Brooker, R. Paul
  • Seigneur, Hubert
  • Mohajeri, Nahid
  • Dhere, Neelkanth G.
  • Wohlgemuth, John
  • Schneller, Eric
  • Shiradkar, Narendra
  • Rudack, Andrew C.
  • Schoenfeld, Winston V.

Abstract

This article is the second article in a three-part series dedicated to reviewing each process step in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing process: feedstock and wafering, cell fabrication, and module manufacturing. The goal of these papers is to identify relevant metrology techniques that can be utilized to improve the quality and durability of the final product. The focus of this article is on the cell fabrication process. In this review, the fabrication of c-Si PV cells is divided into four steps: (1) wet chemical processes; (2) emitter formation; (3) anti-reflection coating (ARC) and passivation deposition; and (4) metallization. Each of these processing steps can impact the final reliability and durability of PV modules deployed in the field, and here the failure modes and degradation mechanisms induced during cell manufacturing are explored. Additionally, a literature review of relevant measurement techniques aimed at reducing or eliminating the probability of such failures occurring is presented along with an assessment of potential gaps wherein the PV community could benefit from new research and demonstration efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Davis, Kristopher O. & Rodgers, Marianne P. & Scardera, Giuseppe & Brooker, R. Paul & Seigneur, Hubert & Mohajeri, Nahid & Dhere, Neelkanth G. & Wohlgemuth, John & Schneller, Eric & Shiradkar, Narendr, 2016. "Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part II: Cell manufacturing," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 225-252.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:59:y:2016:i:c:p:225-252
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.217
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rahman, Mohammad Ziaur, 2014. "Advances in surface passivation and emitter optimization techniques of c-Si solar cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 734-742.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fabian Schoden & Anna Katharina Schnatmann & Tomasz Blachowicz & Hildegard Manz-Schumacher & Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, 2022. "Circular Design Principles Applied on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-32, November.
    2. Gallardo-Saavedra, Sara & Hernández-Callejo, Luis & Alonso-García, María del Carmen & Santos, José Domingo & Morales-Aragonés, José Ignacio & Alonso-Gómez, Víctor & Moretón-Fernández, Ángel & González, 2020. "Nondestructive characterization of solar PV cells defects by means of electroluminescence, infrared thermography, I–V curves and visual tests: Experimental study and comparison," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    3. Qiu, Changyu & Yang, Hongxing, 2020. "Daylighting and overall energy performance of a novel semi-transparent photovoltaic vacuum glazing in different climate zones," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    4. Jingsheng Huang & Yaojie Sun & He Wang & Junjun Zhang, 2019. "Regular and Irregular Performance Variation of Module String and Occurred Conditions for Potential Induced Degradation-Affected Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-13, November.
    5. Dehghani, Ehsan & Jabalameli, Mohammad Saeed & Jabbarzadeh, Armin, 2018. "Robust design and optimization of solar photovoltaic supply chain in an uncertain environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 139-156.
    6. Oliveira, Michele Cândida Carvalho de & Diniz Cardoso, Antônia Sonia Alves & Viana, Marcelo Machado & Lins, Vanessa de Freitas Cunha, 2018. "The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2299-2317.
    7. Aghaei, M. & Fairbrother, A. & Gok, A. & Ahmad, S. & Kazim, S. & Lobato, K. & Oreski, G. & Reinders, A. & Schmitz, J. & Theelen, M. & Yilmaz, P. & Kettle, J., 2022. "Review of degradation and failure phenomena in photovoltaic modules," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).

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