Comprehensive review of nickel-based catalysts advancements for CO2 methanation

This study reviews the advancements in nickel-based catalysts for carbon dioxide methanation, a key process for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting renewable energy. It explores the development of Ni-based catalysts, focusing on innovations in catalyst composition, structure, and operating conditions that address challenges like deactivation and low efficiency. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing catalytic performance, including the effects of supports, promoters, and structured catalysts, as well as environmental impacts such as energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. By comparing different catalysts and highlighting the benefits of structured catalysts like foams and monoliths, this work provides a new perspective on enhancing methane production efficiency. Key factors influencing catalyst activity are discussed, including basicity, bimetallic structures, particle size, feed gas composition (O2, H2O, SOx and NOx), and the impact of contaminants (siloxanes, NH3, and halogenated compounds). The study addresses deactivation mechanisms, such as carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning, and proposes mitigation strategies. The review also discusses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Ni-based catalysts, demonstrating their potential to minimize environmental impacts. This comprehensive approach offers valuable insights for advancing CO2 methanation technology, contributing to sustainable energy production and aligning with global emissions targets and sustainable development goals.