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Review of energy efficiency in controlled environment agriculture

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  • Engler, Nicholas
  • Krarti, Moncef

Abstract

Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) applications, such as vertical farms and plant factories, have the potential to shift food production to be close to urban centers helping meet demands of large populations as well as achieving global climate goals. Growing crops in controlled environments has proven to be feasible for several applications, however, most involve energy intensive processes. The review analysis presented in this paper seeks to overview current CEA practices as well as potential energy efficiency technologies that can enhance the sustainability and the profitability of the indoor farming industry. Specifically, the paper reviews various CEA techniques, optimal indoor growing environments, successful case studies, and recommended energy systems research. The review analysis indicates that changes to a facility's envelope, HVAC, lighting, and incorporation of distributed generation technology can reduce consumption of electricity up to 75% in several CEA case studies. Future research into controls, dehumidification, lighting, and crop variety are vital for a wider adoption of CEA applications.

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  • Engler, Nicholas & Krarti, Moncef, 2021. "Review of energy efficiency in controlled environment agriculture," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:141:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121000812
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110786
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    Cited by:

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    2. Andrea Benedek & Tomasz Rokicki & András Szeberényi, 2023. "Bibliometric Evaluation of Energy Efficiency in Agriculture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-27, August.
    3. Dimitra I. Pomoni & Maria K. Koukou & Michail Gr. Vrachopoulos & Labros Vasiliadis, 2023. "A Review of Hydroponics and Conventional Agriculture Based on Energy and Water Consumption, Environmental Impact, and Land Use," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
    4. Heino Pesch & Louis Louw, 2023. "Exploring the Industrial Symbiosis Potential of Plant Factories during the Initial Establishment Phase," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-30, January.
    5. Sean T. Tarr & Simone Valle de Souza & Roberto G. Lopez, 2023. "Influence of Day and Night Temperature and Radiation Intensity on Growth, Quality, and Economics of Indoor Green Butterhead and Red Oakleaf Lettuce Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Rao Kuang & Nangui Fan & Weifeng Zhang & Song Gan & Xiaomin Zhou & Heyi Huang & Yijun Shen, 2022. "Feasibility Analysis of Creating Light Environment for Growing Containers with Marine Renewable Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, October.
    7. Javad Zare Derakhshan & Saeed Firouzi & Armaghan Kosari-Moghaddam, 2022. "Energy audit of tobacco production agro-system based on different farm size levels in northern Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 2715-2735, February.
    8. Heino Pesch & Louis Louw, 2023. "Evaluating the Economic Feasibility of Plant Factory Scenarios That Produce Biomass for Biorefining Processes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-36, January.

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