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Potential for solar water heating in Zimbabwe

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  • Batidzirai, Bothwell
  • Lysen, Erik H.
  • van Egmond, Sander
  • van Sark, Wilfried G.J.H.M.

Abstract

This paper discusses the economic, social and environmental benefits from using solar water heating (SWH) in Zimbabwe. By comparing different water heating technology usage in three sectors over a 25-year period, the potential of SWH is demonstrated in alleviating energy and economic problems that energy-importing countries like Zimbabwe are facing. SWH would reduce coincident electricity winter peak demand by 13% and reduce final energy demand by 27%, assuming a 50% penetration rate of SWH potential demand. Up to $250 million can be saved and CO2 emissions can be reduced by 29% over the 25-year period. Benefits are also present at individual consumer level, for the electricity utility, as well as for society at large. In the case of Zimbabwe, policy strategies that can support renewable energy technologies are already in current government policy, but this political will need to be translated into enhanced practical activities. A multi-stakeholder approach appears to be the best approach to promoting widespread dissemination of SWH technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Batidzirai, Bothwell & Lysen, Erik H. & van Egmond, Sander & van Sark, Wilfried G.J.H.M., 2009. "Potential for solar water heating in Zimbabwe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 567-582, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:13:y:2009:i:3:p:567-582
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    1. Crecentia Pamidzai Gandidzanwa & Muchaiteyi Togo, 2022. "Adaptive Responses to Water, Energy, and Food Challenges and Implications on the Environment: An Exploratory Study of Harare," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Sharma, Ashish K. & Sharma, Chandan & Mullick, Subhash C. & Kandpal, Tara C., 2017. "Solar industrial process heating: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 124-137.
    3. Niu, Hewen & He, Yuanqing & Desideri, Umberto & Zhang, Peidong & Qin, Hongyi & Wang, Shijin, 2014. "Rural household energy consumption and its implications for eco-environments in NW China: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 137-145.
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    5. Rosas-Flores, Jorge Alberto & Rosas-Flores, Dionicio & Fernández Zayas, José Luis, 2016. "Potential energy saving in urban and rural households of Mexico by use of solar water heaters, using geographical information system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 243-252.
    6. Shen, Yongliang & Liu, Shuli & Mazhar, Abdur Rehman & Han, Xiaojing & Yang, Liu & Yang, Xiu'e, 2021. "A review of solar-driven short-term low temperature heat storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    7. Niu, Shuwen & Zhang, Xin & Zhao, Chunsheng & Ding, Yongxia & Niu, Yunzhu & Christensen, Thomas H., 2011. "Household energy use and emission reduction effects of energy conversion in Lanzhou city, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1431-1436.
    8. Dumisani Chirambo, 2014. "The Climate Finance and Energy Investment Dilemma in Africa," Journal of Developing Societies, , vol. 30(4), pages 415-440, December.
    9. Donev, Georgi & van Sark, Wilfried G.J.H.M. & Blok, Kornelis & Dintchev, Ognjan, 2012. "Solar water heating potential in South Africa in dynamic energy market conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3002-3013.
    10. Dagdougui, Hanane & Ouammi, Ahmed & Robba, Michela & Sacile, Roberto, 2011. "Thermal analysis and performance optimization of a solar water heater flat plate collector: Application to Tétouan (Morocco)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 630-638, January.
    11. Govinda Timilsina & Christophe Gouvello & Massamba Thioye & Felix Dayo, 2010. "Clean Development Mechanism Potential and Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 93-111, January.
    12. Jadhav, Atul S. & Chembe, Dickson K. & Strauss, Johann M. & Van Niekerk, Johannes L., 2017. "Status of Solar Technology Implementation in the Southern African Developing Community (SADC) Region," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 622-631.
    13. Roopnarain, Ashira & Adeleke, Rasheed, 2017. "Current status, hurdles and future prospects of biogas digestion technology in Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1162-1179.
    14. Palomo-Torrejón, Elisabet & Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Rosales-Asensio, Enrique & Mur-Pérez, Francisco, 2021. "Economic and environmental benefits of geothermal energy in industrial processes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 134-146.
    15. Li, Xue & Lin, Cong & Wang, Yang & Zhao, Lingying & Duan, Na & Wu, Xudong, 2015. "Analysis of rural household energy consumption and renewable energy systems in Zhangziying town of Beijing," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 184-193.
    16. Nyoni, Thabani, 2019. "Modeling and forecasting demand for electricity in Zimbabwe using the Box-Jenkins ARIMA technique," MPRA Paper 96903, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Musango, Josephine K. & Brent, Alan C., 2011. "Assessing the sustainability of energy technological systems in Southern Africa: A review and way forward," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 145-155.
    18. Wang, Zhangyuan & Yang, Wansheng & Qiu, Feng & Zhang, Xiangmei & Zhao, Xudong, 2015. "Solar water heating: From theory, application, marketing and research," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 68-84.

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