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Comparative analysis of European grid codes relevant to offshore renewable energy installations

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  • Robles, Eider
  • Haro-Larrode, Marta
  • Santos-Mugica, Maider
  • Etxegarai, Agurtzane
  • Tedeschi, Elisabetta

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the most demanding aspects of grid interconnection of marine energy installations while at the same time providing an updated overview and comparative analysis of the connection requirements of eight European Grid Codes. Therefore, the major issues related to marine energy installations will be summarized as well as the requirements of this type of generation. Besides, the extent to which current Grid Codes include marine energy technologies will be analysed jointly with the need of harmonization of different Grid Codes into a generalised European grid code. Apart from this, several future trends of marine energy technology and its interconnection will be provided for the final discussion.

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  • Robles, Eider & Haro-Larrode, Marta & Santos-Mugica, Maider & Etxegarai, Agurtzane & Tedeschi, Elisabetta, 2019. "Comparative analysis of European grid codes relevant to offshore renewable energy installations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 171-185.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:102:y:2019:i:c:p:171-185
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.002
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    2. Li, Le & Zhu, Donghai & Zou, Xudong & Hu, Jiabing & Kang, Yong & Guerrero, Josep M., 2023. "Review of frequency regulation requirements for wind power plants in international grid codes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    3. Alessandra Follo & Oscar Saborío-Romano & Elisabetta Tedeschi & Nicolaos A. Cutululis, 2021. "Challenges in All-DC Offshore Wind Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Gustavo Navarro & Marcos Blanco & Jorge Torres & Jorge Nájera & Álvaro Santiago & Miguel Santos-Herran & Dionisio Ramírez & Marcos Lafoz, 2021. "Dimensioning Methodology of an Energy Storage System Based on Supercapacitors for Grid Code Compliance of a Wave Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Marcin Pilarczyk & Bohdan Węglowski & Lars O. Nord, 2019. "A Comprehensive Thermal and Structural Transient Analysis of a Boiler’s Steam Outlet Header by Means of a Dedicated Algorithm and FEM Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Alexis B. Rey-Boué & N. F. Guerrero-Rodríguez & Johannes Stöckl & Thomas I. Strasser, 2019. "Modeling and Design of the Vector Control for a Three-Phase Single-Stage Grid-Connected PV System with LVRT Capability according to the Spanish Grid Code," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-28, July.

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