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Wave farm flicker severity: Comparative analysis and solutions

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  • Kovaltchouk, Thibaut
  • Armstrong, Sara
  • Blavette, Anne
  • Ben Ahmed, Hamid
  • Multon, Bernard

Abstract

This paper proposes a flicker severity study for Wave Energy Converter farms. The flicker severity is introduced and the reason why it is an important constraint for a wave farm is explained. A new representation called intrinsic flicker severity is introduced which describes the flicker severity independently of the grid. The influence of device type, its control and the sea-state on average production, flicker severity and on the ratio between flicker and production are studied with three types of devices: an Oscillating Water Column and two Direct Wave Energy Converters (two point absorbers: a Heaving Buoy and the SEAREV). The influence of the size and the placement of each unit in the wave farm is presented with a farm-unit flicker ratio, compared with the square-root of unit hypothesis (noise behavior), as a function of wave direction by taking into account wave direction dispersion. Finally, solutions are presented to reduce the flicker produced to comply with grid code requirements in order to allow grid integration of wave farms.

Suggested Citation

  • Kovaltchouk, Thibaut & Armstrong, Sara & Blavette, Anne & Ben Ahmed, Hamid & Multon, Bernard, 2016. "Wave farm flicker severity: Comparative analysis and solutions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 32-39.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:91:y:2016:i:c:p:32-39
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.01.034
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cordonnier, J. & Gorintin, F. & De Cagny, A. & Clément, A.H. & Babarit, A., 2015. "SEAREV: Case study of the development of a wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 40-52.
    2. Babarit, A., 2013. "On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 68-78.
    3. Perera, D. & Meegahapola, L. & Perera, S. & Ciufo, P., 2014. "Characterisation of flicker emission and propagation in distribution networks with bi-directional power flows," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 172-180.
    4. Moazzen, Iman & Robertson, Bryson & Wild, Peter & Rowe, Andrew & Buckham, Bradley, 2016. "Impacts of large-scale wave integration into a transmission-constrained grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 408-417.
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    6. Park, Gavin L. & Schäfer, Andrea I. & Richards, Bryce S., 2013. "Renewable energy-powered membrane technology: Supercapacitors for buffering resource fluctuations in a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 126-135.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fairley, I. & Smith, H.C.M. & Robertson, B. & Abusara, M. & Masters, I., 2017. "Spatio-temporal variation in wave power and implications for electricity supply," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 154-165.
    2. Lewis, Matt & McNaughton, James & Márquez-Dominguez, Concha & Todeschini, Grazia & Togneri, Michael & Masters, Ian & Allmark, Matthew & Stallard, Tim & Neill, Simon & Goward-Brown, Alice & Robins, Pet, 2019. "Power variability of tidal-stream energy and implications for electricity supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1061-1074.
    3. Rasool, Safdar & Muttaqi, Kashem M. & Sutanto, Danny, 2020. "Modelling of a wave-to-wire system for a wave farm and its response analysis against power quality and grid codes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 2041-2055.
    4. Roy, Sanjoy, 2021. "Analytical estimates of short duration mean power output and variability for deepwater wave power generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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