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A 100% wind, water, sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy plan for Washington State

Author

Listed:
  • Jacobson, Mark Z.
  • Delucchi, Mark A.
  • Bazouin, Guillaume
  • Dvorak, Michael J.
  • Arghandeh, Reza
  • Bauer, Zack A.F.
  • Cotte, Ariane
  • de Moor, Gerrit M.T.H.
  • Goldner, Elissa G.
  • Heier, Casey
  • Holmes, Randall T.
  • Hughes, Shea A.
  • Jin, Lingzhi
  • Kapadia, Moiz
  • Menon, Carishma
  • Mullendore, Seth A.
  • Paris, Emily M.
  • Provost, Graham A.
  • Romano, Andrea R.
  • Srivastava, Chandrika
  • Vencill, Taylor A.
  • Whitney, Natasha S.
  • Yeskoo, Tim W.

Abstract

This study analyzes the potential and consequences of Washington State's use of wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) to produce electricity and electrolytic hydrogen for 100% of its all-purposes energy (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, industry) by 2050, with 80–85% conversion by 2030. Electrification plus modest efficiency measures can reduce Washington State's 2050 end-use power demand by ∼39.9%, with ∼80% of the reduction due to electrification, and can stabilize energy prices since WWS fuel costs are zero. The remaining demand can be met, in one scenario, with ∼35% onshore wind, ∼13% offshore wind, ∼10.73% utility-scale PV, ∼2.9% residential PV, ∼1.5% commercial/government PV, ∼0.65% geothermal, ∼0.5% wave, ∼0.3% tidal, and ∼35.42% hydropower. Converting will require only 0.08% of the state's land for new footprint and ∼2% for spacing between new wind turbines (spacing that can be used for multiple purposes). It will further result in each person in the state saving ∼$85/yr in direct energy costs and ∼$950/yr in health costs [eliminating ∼830 (190–1950)/yr statewide premature air pollution mortalities] while reducing global climate costs by ∼$4200/person/yr (all in 2013 dollars). Converting will therefore improve health and climate while reducing costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacobson, Mark Z. & Delucchi, Mark A. & Bazouin, Guillaume & Dvorak, Michael J. & Arghandeh, Reza & Bauer, Zack A.F. & Cotte, Ariane & de Moor, Gerrit M.T.H. & Goldner, Elissa G. & Heier, Casey & Holm, 2016. "A 100% wind, water, sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy plan for Washington State," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 75-88.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:86:y:2016:i:c:p:75-88
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Jacobson, Mark Z. & von Krauland, Anna-Katharina & Coughlin, Stephen J. & Palmer, Frances C. & Smith, Miles M., 2022. "Zero air pollution and zero carbon from all energy at low cost and without blackouts in variable weather throughout the U.S. with 100% wind-water-solar and storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 430-442.
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