IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v85y2016icp157-170.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Green wireless network optimisation strategies within smart grid environments for Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Alsharif, Mohammed H.
  • Nordin, Rosdiadee
  • Ismail, Mahamod

Abstract

This study investigated the possibility of integrating a renewable energy system with an existing energy source (electricity grid) to supply mobile base stations in the on-grid sites of Malaysia and minimise the annual Operational expenditure (OPEX). Based on the available renewable energy resources in Malaysia, three options for this goal were examined: (i) photovoltaic/electric grid, (ii) wind energy/electric grid, and (iii) photovoltaic/wind energy/electric grid. System simulations were performed with the software HOMER, using wind speed, solar irradiance, load demand, component costs and technical specifications as well as various minimum renewable fraction (MRF) values. Three key aspects were analysed: (i) energy yields, (ii) economics, and (iii) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The findings herein demonstrate that the hybrid photovoltaic/wind energy/electric grid power system delivered the highest energy to the load of the renewable energy system (48.91%), which reduces both the operating costs and pollution rate. Whereas, cost of the project is large compared with the photovoltaic/electric grid power system. However, large benefits for mobile operators in terms of OPEX reduction can be achieved. The average annual OPEX savings of the hybrid wind energy system was the lowest at 30%, whereas that of the hybrid solar system was 35% and that of the hybrid photovoltaic/wind energy/electric grid was as high as 39%.

Suggested Citation

  • Alsharif, Mohammed H. & Nordin, Rosdiadee & Ismail, Mahamod, 2016. "Green wireless network optimisation strategies within smart grid environments for Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 157-170.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:85:y:2016:i:c:p:157-170
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.044
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148115300677
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.044?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nema, Pragya & Nema, R.K. & Rangnekar, Saroj, 2010. "Minimization of green house gases emission by using hybrid energy system for telephony base station site application," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 1635-1639, August.
    2. Sopian, K. & Othman, M.Y.Hj. & Wirsat, A., 1995. "The wind energy potential of Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 6(8), pages 1005-1016.
    3. Rehman, Shafiqur & Al-Hadhrami, Luai M., 2010. "Study of a solar PV–diesel–battery hybrid power system for a remotely located population near Rafha, Saudi Arabia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4986-4995.
    4. Borhanazad, H. & Mekhilef, S. & Saidur, R. & Boroumandjazi, G., 2013. "Potential application of renewable energy for rural electrification in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 210-219.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Md. Sanwar Hossain & Abdullah G. Alharbi & Khondoker Ziaul Islam & Md. Rabiul Islam, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of the Hybrid Solar PV/H/Fuel Cell Based Supply Scheme for Green Mobile Communication," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-29, November.
    2. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim & Jin Hong Kim, 2017. "Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-27, April.
    3. Mohammed H. Alsharif, 2017. "Comparative Analysis of Solar-Powered Base Stations for Green Mobile Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, August.
    4. Yilmaz, Saban & Dincer, Furkan, 2017. "Optimal design of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery systems for isolated lands: A case study for Kilis, Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 344-352.
    5. Md. Sanwar Hossain & Khondoker Ziaul Islam & Abdullah G. Alharbi & Md Shafiullah & Md. Rabiul Islam & Afef Fekih, 2022. "Optimal Design of a Hybrid Solar PV/BG-Powered Heterogeneous Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-29, February.
    6. Henao, Felipe & Dyner, Isaac, 2020. "Renewables in the optimal expansion of colombian power considering the Hidroituango crisis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 612-627.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Rosdiadee Nordin & Mahamod Ismail, 2016. "Intelligent cooperation management among solar powered base stations towards a green cellular network in a country with an equatorial climate," Telecommunication Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Design and Management, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 179-198, May.
    2. Muhammad Aslam Mohd Safari & Nurulkamal Masseran & Alias Jedi & Sohif Mat & Kamaruzzaman Sopian & Azman Bin Abdul Rahim & Azami Zaharim, 2020. "Rural Public Acceptance of Wind and Solar Energy: A Case Study from Mersing, Malaysia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    3. Basir Khan, M. Reyasudin & Jidin, Razali & Pasupuleti, Jagadeesh & Shaaya, Sharifah Azwa, 2015. "Optimal combination of solar, wind, micro-hydro and diesel systems based on actual seasonal load profiles for a resort island in the South China Sea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 80-97.
    4. Petinrin, J.O. & Shaaban, Mohamed, 2015. "Renewable energy for continuous energy sustainability in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 967-981.
    5. Rezk, Hegazy & Sayed, Enas Taha & Al-Dhaifallah, Mujahed & Obaid, M. & El-Sayed, Abou Hashema M. & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Olabi, A.G., 2019. "Fuel cell as an effective energy storage in reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by photovoltaic system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 423-433.
    6. Hamdan, A. & Mustapha, F. & Ahmad, K.A. & Mohd Rafie, A.S., 2014. "A review on the micro energy harvester in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of biocomposite material for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) system: A Malaysia perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 23-30.
    7. Goel, Sonali & Sharma, Renu, 2017. "Performance evaluation of stand alone, grid connected and hybrid renewable energy systems for rural application: A comparative review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1378-1389.
    8. Mandelli, Stefano & Barbieri, Jacopo & Mereu, Riccardo & Colombo, Emanuela, 2016. "Off-grid systems for rural electrification in developing countries: Definitions, classification and a comprehensive literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1621-1646.
    9. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim & Jin Hong Kim, 2017. "Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-27, April.
    10. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim, 2016. "Optimal Solar Power System for Remote Telecommunication Base Stations: A Case Study Based on the Characteristics of South Korea’s Solar Radiation Exposure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-21, September.
    11. Tang, Shengwen & Chen, Jingtao & Sun, Peigui & Li, Yang & Yu, Peng & Chen, E., 2019. "Current and future hydropower development in Southeast Asia countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Myanmar)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 239-249.
    12. Chih-Ta Tsai & Teketay Mulu Beza & Wei-Bin Wu & Cheng-Chien Kuo, 2019. "Optimal Configuration with Capacity Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy and Storage System for an Island Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-28, December.
    13. Niranjan Rao Deevela & Bhim Singh & Tara C. Kandpal, 2021. "Techno-economics of solar PV array-based hybrid systems for powering telecom towers," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 17003-17029, November.
    14. Grzegorz Ślusarz & Barbara Gołębiewska & Marek Cierpiał-Wolan & Jarosław Gołębiewski & Dariusz Twaróg & Sebastian Wójcik, 2021. "Regional Diversification of Potential, Production and Efficiency of Use of Biogas and Biomass in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-20, January.
    15. Das, Himadry Shekhar & Yatim, A.H.M. & Tan, Chee Wei & Lau, Kwan Yiew, 2016. "Proposition of a PV/tidal powered micro-hydro and diesel hybrid system: A southern Bangladesh focus," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1137-1148.
    16. Díaz, P. & Peña, R. & Muñoz, J. & Arias, C.A. & Sandoval, D., 2011. "Field analysis of solar PV-based collective systems for rural electrification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2509-2516.
    17. Xia, Wanjun & Murshed, Muntasir & Khan, Zeeshan & Chen, Zhenling & Ferraz, Diogo, 2022. "Exploring the nexus between fiscal decentralization and energy poverty for China: Does country risk matter for energy poverty reduction?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    18. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim, 2016. "Hybrid Off-Grid SPV/WTG Power System for Remote Cellular Base Stations Towards Green and Sustainable Cellular Networks in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-23, December.
    19. Bahramara, S. & Moghaddam, M. Parsa & Haghifam, M.R., 2016. "Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 609-620.
    20. Salameh, Tareq & Ghenai, Chaouki & Merabet, Adel & Alkasrawi, Malek, 2020. "Techno-economical optimization of an integrated stand-alone hybrid solar PV tracking and diesel generator power system in Khorfakkan, United Arab Emirates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:85:y:2016:i:c:p:157-170. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.