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Design and optimization of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger for an enhanced geothermal system (EGS)

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  • Yekoladio, P.J.
  • Bello-Ochende, T.
  • Meyer, J.P.

Abstract

The present study considers the design, performance analysis and optimization of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger for an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). The optimum mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid for minimum pumping power and maximum extracted heat energy was determined. In addition, the coaxial pipes of the downhole heat exchanger were sized based on the optimum geothermal mass flow rate and steady-state operation. Transient effect or time-dependent cooling of the Earth underground, and the optimum amount and size of perforations at the inner pipe entrance region to regulate the flow of the geothermal fluid were disregarded to simplify the analysis. The paper consists of an analytical and numerical thermodynamic optimization of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger used to extract the maximum possible energy from the Earth's deep underground (2 km and deeper below the surface) for direct usage, and subject to a nearly linear increase in geothermal gradient with depth. The thermodynamic optimization process and entropy generation minimization (EGM) analysis were performed to minimize heat transfer and fluid friction irreversibilities. An optimum diameter ratio of the coaxial pipes for minimum pressure drop in both limits of the fully turbulent and laminar fully-developed flow regime was determined and observed to be nearly the same irrespective of the flow regime. Furthermore, an optimum geothermal mass flow rate and an optimum geometry of the downhole coaxial heat exchanger were determined for maximum net power output. Conducting an energetic and exergetic analysis to evaluate the performance of binary power cycle, higher Earth's temperature gradient and lower geofluid rejection temperatures were observed to yield maximum first- and second-law efficiencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Yekoladio, P.J. & Bello-Ochende, T. & Meyer, J.P., 2013. "Design and optimization of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger for an enhanced geothermal system (EGS)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 128-137.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:55:y:2013:i:c:p:128-137
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.035
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yari, Mortaza, 2010. "Exergetic analysis of various types of geothermal power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 112-121.
    2. Madhawa Hettiarachchi, H.D. & Golubovic, Mihajlo & Worek, William M. & Ikegami, Yasuyuki, 2007. "Optimum design criteria for an Organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1698-1706.
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    2. Dai, Chuanshan & Li, Jiashu & Shi, Yu & Zeng, Long & Lei, Haiyan, 2019. "An experiment on heat extraction from a deep geothermal well using a downhole coaxial open loop design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Dai, Jiacheng & Li, Jingbin & Wang, Tianyu & Zhu, Liying & Tian, Kangjian & Chen, Zhaoting, 2023. "Thermal performance analysis of coaxial borehole heat exchanger using liquid ammonia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    4. Song, Xianzhi & Wang, Gaosheng & Shi, Yu & Li, Ruixia & Xu, Zhengming & Zheng, Rui & Wang, Yu & Li, Jiacheng, 2018. "Numerical analysis of heat extraction performance of a deep coaxial borehole heat exchanger geothermal system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1298-1310.
    5. Jiang, Peixue & Li, Xiaolu & Xu, Ruina & Zhang, Fuzhen, 2016. "Heat extraction of novel underground well pattern systems for geothermal energy exploitation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 83-94.
    6. Vulin, Domagoj & Muhasilović, Lejla & Arnaut, Maja, 2020. "Possibilities for CCUS in medium temperature geothermal reservoir," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    7. Hu, Xincheng & Banks, Jonathan & Guo, Yunting & Liu, Wei Victor, 2022. "Utilizing geothermal energy from enhanced geothermal systems as a heat source for oil sands separation: A numerical evaluation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    8. Anand, R.S. & Li, Ang & Huang, Wenbo & Chen, Juanwen & Li, Zhibin & Ma, Qingshan & Jiang, Fangming, 2024. "Super-long gravity heat pipe for geothermal energy exploitation - A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    9. Bu, Xianbiao & Ran, Yunmin & Zhang, Dongdong, 2019. "Experimental and simulation studies of geothermal single well for building heating," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1902-1909.
    10. Gordon, David & Bolisetti, Tirupati & Ting, David S-K. & Reitsma, Stanley, 2018. "Experimental and analytical investigation on pipe sizes for a coaxial borehole heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 946-953.
    11. Pokhrel, Sajjan & Sasmito, Agus P. & Sainoki, Atsushi & Tosha, Toshiyuki & Tanaka, Tatsuya & Nagai, Chiaki & Ghoreishi-Madiseh, Seyed Ali, 2022. "Field-scale experimental and numerical analysis of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger for geothermal energy production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 521-535.
    12. Jia, G.S. & Ma, Z.D. & Xia, Z.H. & Wang, J.W. & Zhang, Y.P. & Jin, L.W., 2021. "Investigation of the horizontally-butted borehole heat exchanger based on a semi-analytical method considering groundwater seepage and geothermal gradient," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 447-461.
    13. Schmid, Gerd & Huang, Zun-Long & Yang, Tai-Her & Chen, Sih-Li, 2017. "Numerical analysis of a vertical double-pipe single-flow heat exchanger applied in an active cooling system for high-power LED street lights," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 426-438.

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