IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v36y2011i3p916-929.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy and efficiency analysis of environmental heat sources and sinks: In-use performance

Author

Listed:
  • Kalz, Doreen E.
  • Pfafferott, Jens
  • Herkel, Sebastian
  • Wagner, Andreas

Abstract

A detailed analysis of the heating and cooling performance of environmental heat sources and sinks is presented for 12 low-energy buildings in Germany. In particular, the analysis focuses on the given temperature levels and the efficiency performance of the environmental heat sources and sinks in summer and winter. The investigated buildings employ environmental heat sources and sinks – such as the ground, groundwater, rainwater and the ambient air – in combination with thermo-active building systems (TABS). These concepts are promising approaches for slashing the primary energy use of buildings without violating occupant thermal comfort. A limited primary energy use of about 100kWhprim/(mnet2a) as a target for the complete building service technology (HVAC and lighting) was postulated for all buildings presented. With respect to this premise, comprehensive long-term monitoring in fine time-resolution occurred over a period from two to five years. An accompanying commissioning of the building performance took place. Measurements include water supply and return temperatures of the environmental heat sources/sinks, the generated heating and cooling energy, efficiencies of the system, and local climatic site conditions. The comparative evaluation of the systems in all buildings identifies weak points and success factors of the plant. Besides, it characterizes the single component and points out further potential for optimization measures. The annual efficiency performance of the geothermal heat sources and sinks results in a seasonal performance factor of 8–10kWhtherm/kWhend, where the end energy use is electricity. The ground, groundwater, rainwater and even the ambient air constitute efficient heat sources/sinks. Energy is needed only for distributing the heat and cold and not for its generation. The choice of suitable plant components, the accurate design of the hydraulic system and the correct dimension of the environmental heat source/sink play a central role in achieving higher efficiencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalz, Doreen E. & Pfafferott, Jens & Herkel, Sebastian & Wagner, Andreas, 2011. "Energy and efficiency analysis of environmental heat sources and sinks: In-use performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 916-929.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:36:y:2011:i:3:p:916-929
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.09.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148110004155
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2010.09.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mustafa Omer, Abdeen, 2008. "Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 344-371, February.
    2. Kalz, Doreen E. & Wienold, Jan & Fischer, Martin & Cali, Davide, 2010. "Novel heating and cooling concept employing rainwater cisterns and thermo-active building systems for a residential building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 650-660, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Lin-Shu & Ma, Peizheng, 2016. "The homeostasis solution – Mechanical homeostasis in architecturally homeostatic buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 183-196.
    2. Romaní, Joaquim & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Pérez, Gabriel & Pisello, Anna Laura & de Gracia, Alvaro, 2018. "Experimental testing of cooling internal loads with a radiant wall," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 1-8.
    3. Ma, Peizheng & Wang, Lin-Shu & Guo, Nianhua, 2015. "Energy storage and heat extraction – From thermally activated building systems (TABS) to thermally homeostatic buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 677-685.
    4. Miranda, Nicole D. & Renaldi, Renaldi & Khosla, Radhika & McCulloch, Malcolm D., 2021. "Bibliometric analysis and landscape of actors in passive cooling research," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sommer, Wijbrand & Valstar, Johan & Leusbrock, Ingo & Grotenhuis, Tim & Rijnaarts, Huub, 2015. "Optimization and spatial pattern of large-scale aquifer thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 322-337.
    2. Archan Shah & Moncef Krarti & Joe Huang, 2022. "Energy Performance Evaluation of Shallow Ground Source Heat Pumps for Residential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-25, January.
    3. Deng, Zhenpeng & Nian, Yongle & Cheng, Wen-long, 2023. "Estimation method of layered ground thermal conductivity for U-tube BHE based on the quasi-3D model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 121-133.
    4. Bakirci, Kadir & Colak, Derya, 2012. "Effect of a superheating and sub-cooling heat exchanger to the performance of a ground source heat pump system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 996-1004.
    5. Nguyen, Hiep V. & Law, Ying Lam E. & Alavy, Masih & Walsh, Philip R. & Leong, Wey H. & Dworkin, Seth B., 2014. "An analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential in North America," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 28-38.
    6. Li, Biao & Han, Zongwei & Bai, Chenguang & Hu, Honghao, 2019. "The influence of soil thermal properties on the operation performance on ground source heat pump system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 903-913.
    7. Alaie, Omid & Maddahian, Reza & Heidarinejad, Ghassem, 2021. "Investigation of thermal interaction between shallow boreholes in a GSHE using the FLS-STRCM model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1137-1150.
    8. Mohanraj, M. & Belyayev, Ye. & Jayaraj, S. & Kaltayev, A., 2018. "Research and developments on solar assisted compression heat pump systems – A comprehensive review (Part A: Modeling and modifications)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 90-123.
    9. Somogyi, Viola & Sebestyén, Viktor & Nagy, Georgina, 2017. "Scientific achievements and regulation of shallow geothermal systems in six European countries – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 934-952.
    10. Lee, Sungwon & Lee, Bumsoo, 2014. "The influence of urban form on GHG emissions in the U.S. household sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 534-549.
    11. Rodríguez, Rafael & Díaz, María B., 2009. "Analysis of the utilization of mine galleries as geothermal heat exchangers by means a semi-empirical prediction method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1716-1725.
    12. Gang, Wenjie & Wang, Jinbo & Wang, Shengwei, 2014. "Performance analysis of hybrid ground source heat pump systems based on ANN predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1138-1144.
    13. Antonijevic, Dragi & Komatina, Mirko, 2011. "Sustainable sub-geothermal heat pump heating in Serbia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 3534-3538.
    14. Hannah Licharz & Peter Rösmann & Manuel S. Krommweh & Ehab Mostafa & Wolfgang Büscher, 2020. "Energy Efficiency of a Heat Pump System: Case Study in Two Pig Houses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Eloisa Di Sipio & David Bertermann, 2017. "Factors Influencing the Thermal Efficiency of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-21, November.
    16. Zhou, Yang & Zheng, Zhi-xiang & Zhao, Guang-si, 2022. "Analytical models for heat transfer around a single ground heat exchanger in the presence of both horizontal and vertical groundwater flow considering a convective boundary condition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    17. Shah, Sheikh Khaleduzzaman & Aye, Lu & Rismanchi, Behzad, 2018. "Seasonal thermal energy storage system for cold climate zones: A review of recent developments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 38-49.
    18. Cai, Jingyong & Ji, Jie & Wang, Yunyun & Huang, Wenzhu, 2017. "Operation characteristics of a novel dual source multi-functional heat pump system under various working modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 236-246.
    19. Muñoz, Mauricio & Garat, Pablo & Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina & Vargas, Gabriel & Rebolledo, Sofía & Sepúlveda, Sergio & Daniele, Linda & Morata, Diego & Parada, Miguel Ángel, 2015. "Estimating low-enthalpy geothermal energy potential for district heating in Santiago basin–Chile (33.5 °S)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 186-195.
    20. Blum, Philipp & Campillo, Gisela & Kölbel, Thomas, 2011. "Techno-economic and spatial analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Germany," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3002-3011.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:36:y:2011:i:3:p:916-929. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.