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Self-shading losses of fixed free-standing PV arrays

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  • Brecl, Kristijan
  • Topič, Marko

Abstract

The energy yield of a photovoltaic (PV) system with fixed free-standing PV arrays is affected also by the self-shading effects. The rows of PV modules in arrays may partially shade the PV modules in the rows behind. In this paper the effects of the row distance on the PV system’s energy yield are evaluated. The estimation of the self-shading losses by the irradiation losses simply overestimates the losses; therefore we developed a simulation model to simulate the real energy loss due to shading of the preceding row in a PV system. The model demonstrates that the self-shading energy losses are at commonly used distances between rows from 20 to 40% lower than the irradiation losses at the modules’ bottom considering the shading conditions. The self-shading energy loss is studied in the case of Ljubljana, Slovenia which may refer to the whole Central Europe. To estimate the self-shading losses a technology-and with parameter modifications also location-independent empirical equation based on module-to-cell width ratio was derived and validated.

Suggested Citation

  • Brecl, Kristijan & Topič, Marko, 2011. "Self-shading losses of fixed free-standing PV arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 3211-3216.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:36:y:2011:i:11:p:3211-3216
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Drif, M. & Pérez, P.J. & Aguilera, J. & Aguilar, J.D., 2008. "A new estimation method of irradiance on a partially shaded PV generator in grid-connected photovoltaic systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 2048-2056.
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    1. Bey, M. & Hamidat, A. & Nacer, T., 2021. "Eco-energetic feasibility study of using grid-connected photovoltaic system in wastewater treatment plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    2. Celik, Berk & Karatepe, Engin & Gokmen, Nuri & Silvestre, Santiago, 2013. "A virtual reality study of surrounding obstacles on BIPV systems for estimation of long-term performance of partially shaded PV arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 402-414.
    3. Rodrigo, P. & Gutiérrez, S. & Velázquez, Ramiro & Fernández, Eduardo F. & Almonacid, F. & Pérez-Higueras, P.J., 2015. "A methodology for the electrical characterization of shaded high concentrator photovoltaic modules," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 768-777.
    4. Rodrigo, P. & Fernández, Eduardo F. & Almonacid, F. & Pérez-Higueras, P.J., 2013. "Outdoor measurement of high concentration photovoltaic receivers operating with partial shading on the primary optics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 583-588.
    5. Muhammad Zubair & Ahmed Bilal Awan, 2021. "Economic viability of solar energy export from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe and South Asia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(12), pages 17986-18007, December.
    6. Ramli, Makbul A.M. & Twaha, Ssennoga & Ishaque, Kashif & Al-Turki, Yusuf A., 2017. "A review on maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems with and without shading conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 144-159.
    7. Bayoumi, Mohannad & Fink, Dietrich, 2014. "Maximizing the performance of an energy generating façade in terms of energy saving strategies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 294-305.
    8. Koo, Choongwan & Si, Ke & Li, Wenzhuo & Lee, JeeHee, 2022. "Integrated approach to evaluating the impact of feed-in tariffs on the life cycle economic performance of photovoltaic systems in China: A case study of educational facilities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    9. Yadav, Anurag Singh & Mukherjee, V., 2021. "Conventional and advanced PV array configurations to extract maximum power under partial shading conditions: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 977-1005.
    10. Tabanjat, Abdulkader & Becherif, Mohamed & Hissel, Daniel, 2015. "Reconfiguration solution for shaded PV panels using switching control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 4-13.
    11. Liu, Yi-Hua & Chen, Jing-Hsiao & Huang, Jia-Wei, 2015. "A review of maximum power point tracking techniques for use in partially shaded conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 436-453.
    12. d'Alessandro, Vincenzo & Di Napoli, Fabio & Guerriero, Pierluigi & Daliento, Santolo, 2015. "An automated high-granularity tool for a fast evaluation of the yield of PV plants accounting for shading effects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 294-304.

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    Keywords

    PV system; Shading; Losses;
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