Short-term hybrid prognostics of fuel cells: A comparative and improvement study

Accurately predicting the performance degradation trend of fuel cells helps take measures in advance and prolong the stack's service life, leading to a novel hybrid forecasting approach. The first grey model prediction method based on residual exponential smoothing optimization (ES-R-GM) can capture the voltage deterioration trend. We explore the integration of two different ES techniques, specifically the double ES (ES2) and cubic ES (ES3), to investigate their effect on enhancing the predictive accuracy of the GM model. The second method of the adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) can characterize local nonlinear behavior. We utilize the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to optimize ANFIS results under different fuzzy rule selection strategies. The outcomes of the two prediction methods mentioned above are combined to create a hybrid prediction using the data fusion method and the moving window technique. Various hybrid methods are evaluated under general conditions and further detailed optimization. The data collected from the experimental platform confirms the suggested hybrid framework. The results show that the hybrid ES3-R-GM + ANFIS-SC method outperformed the single models in final prediction accuracy and can effectively track both global trends and local changes. Simultaneously, it takes less time to calculate than the literature. Moreover, when applied to consistent public datasets, the hybrid approach maintains its robustness and accuracy compared with other hybrid prognostic methods.