Reducing convective losses in a solar cavity receiver VoCoRec by creating a controlled vortex of returned air

The efficiency of air-type solar towers influences the minimal cost of electricity/heat produced by them, which limits their use despite the widespread use of many forms of concentrated sun power plants. Nonetheless, the temperature potential of this kind of concentrated plant is the highest. To improve the efficiency of an air-type solar tower, a technique for reducing convective energy losses with return air is therefore suggested. In order to increase a cavity receiver's thermal efficiency, a little-known concept called vortex creation will be discussed in this work. The article models different ways of creating an air vortex inside the cavity receiver. Using the VoCoRec design as an example, cases are shown where the vortex increases and decreases the thermal efficiency of the receiver. The concept of Air Return Ratio (ARR) is used to determine the convective losses in a solar collector. This coefficient indicates the convective losses of the receiver due to buoyancy forces and has a direct proportional dependence on the convective efficiency coefficients of the receiver. The VoCoRec receiver, which incorporates the directional vortex inside the receiver, increased the air return coefficient by 4 % (at the same air mass flow rate). The dependence of the air return coefficient on different angles of the air outlet to the absorber plane, including in the radial direction, was also investigated. Increasing the angle of inclination of the air outlet to the main absorber increases the air return coefficient in all cases, but also increases the aerodynamic drag of the receiver (pressure drop).