Computational investigation and optimization of the bulb turbine for ultra-low head application

The Indian River, which is celebrated for its breathtaking beauty and diverse heritage of cultures, has an extensive amount of potential for producing green hydroelectric electricity. 7.5 % of the world's energy came from renewable sources in 2022, with India making up 36 % of the share and growing. India has nearly reached the 5 GW objective for small hydro projects and has reached 68 % of its 175 GW renewable energy ambition. At 90 % efficiency, bulb turbines are hydroelectric turbines that produce power from water, making them a perfect choice for high flow rates and low water head conditions. In order to optimize bulb turbines, this research investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess variables including the number of guiding vanes, the angle of the draft tube, and the design of the blades. According to studies, efficiency is increased when guiding vanes increase. The geometry of guiding vanes also has a significant impact on performance. Draft tubes, which restore kinetic energy from water entering the turbine, can enhance efficiency with proper design. Adding anti-cavitation capabilities to runner blades improves performance even further. CFD models verify these conclusions, with little variations from the field data. By fine-tuning important parameters such as 14 guiding vanes and adjusting the draft tube angle to 2.5°, the turbine's efficiency jumped from 87 % to 97 %.