IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v226y2024ics096014812400466x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Environmental, economic and quality assessment of hybrid solar-electric drying of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

Author

Listed:
  • Lehmad, Manal
  • Hidra, Nawfal
  • Lhomme, Patrick
  • Mghazli, Safa
  • EL Hachimi, Youssef
  • Abdenouri, Naji

Abstract

The exploration of insects as a sustainable protein source is gaining interest as an alternative solution to ensure food security and meet the increasing global food demand. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae (BSFL) present a natural and sustainable protein source for both feed and food applications. In the process of incorporating them into feed and food products, larvae typically undergo a drying stage as the initial step. This research aims to delve into the Hybrid Solar-Electrical Drying (HSED) of BSFL at four different temperatures: 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C. The energy payback time for the dryer is determined to be 1.57 ± 0.09 years, with CO2 emissions measuring 72.58 ± 2.90 kg CO2/year and a net CO2 mitigation of 57.19 ± 2.35 tons over its lifespan, highlighting its environmentally friendly nature. The proposed HSED system exhibits a remarkably short payback period of only 0.71 years. Furthermore, the dryer has the potential to save up to 1496.04 USD annually, emphasizing its economic efficiency and financial benefits. The larvae dried using the HSED have a protein content ranging from 38.14 ± 0.28% to 42.33 ± 0.12% exceeding the minimum requirement of 34% set by leading companies in the insect production market. This makes them highly competitive in the market. Furthermore, the dried larvae produced with this hybrid dryer exhibit superior quality compared to conventional drying methods, specifically in terms of protein content, with a margin of 7.08%.

Suggested Citation

  • Lehmad, Manal & Hidra, Nawfal & Lhomme, Patrick & Mghazli, Safa & EL Hachimi, Youssef & Abdenouri, Naji, 2024. "Environmental, economic and quality assessment of hybrid solar-electric drying of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:226:y:2024:i:c:s096014812400466x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120401
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014812400466X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120401?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vijayan, S. & Arjunan, T.V. & Kumar, Anil, 2020. "Exergo-environmental analysis of an indirect forced convection solar dryer for drying bitter gourd slices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2210-2223.
    2. Tiwari, Sumit & Tiwari, G.N., 2016. "Exergoeconomic analysis of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) mixed mode greenhouse solar dryer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 155-164.
    3. Nabnean, S. & Janjai, S. & Thepa, S. & Sudaprasert, K. & Songprakorp, R. & Bala, B.K., 2016. "Experimental performance of a new design of solar dryer for drying osmotically dehydrated cherry tomatoes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 147-156.
    4. Lorenzo A. Cadinu & Paolo Barra & Francesco Torre & Francesco Delogu & Fabio A. Madau, 2020. "Insect Rearing: Potential, Challenges, and Circularity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, June.
    5. Surendra, K.C. & Olivier, Robert & Tomberlin, Jeffery K. & Jha, Rajesh & Khanal, Samir Kumar, 2016. "Bioconversion of organic wastes into biodiesel and animal feed via insect farming," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 197-202.
    6. Hadibi, Tarik & Boubekri, Abdelghani & Mennouche, Djamel & Benhamza, Abderrahmane & Abdenouri, Naji, 2021. "3E analysis and mathematical modelling of garlic drying process in a hybrid solar-electric dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1052-1069.
    7. Hadibi, Tarik & Mennouche, Djamel & Boubekri, Abdelghani & Chouicha, Samira & Arıcı, Müslüm & Yunfeng, Wang & Ming, Li & Fang-ling, Fan, 2023. "Drying characteristic, sustainability, and 4E (energy, exergy, and enviro-economic) analysis of dried date fruits using indirect solar-electric dryer: An experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    8. Atalay, Halil & Yavaş, Nur & Turhan Çoban, M., 2022. "Sustainability and performance analysis of a solar and wind energy assisted hybrid dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 1173-1183.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mellalou, Abderrahman & Riad, Walid & Bacaoui, Abdelaziz & Outzourhit, Abdelkader, 2023. "Impact of the greenhouse drying modes of two-phase olive pomace on the energy, exergy, economic and environmental (4E) performance indicators," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 229-250.
    2. Atalay, Halil, 2022. "Exergoeconomic and environmental impact evaluation of wind energy assisted hybrid solar dryer and conventional solar dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1416-1425.
    3. EL-Mesery, Hany S. & EL-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hu, Zicheng & Li, Yang, 2022. "Recent developments in solar drying technology of food and agricultural products: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    4. Singh, Sukhmeet & Gill, R.S. & Hans, V.S. & Mittal, T.C., 2022. "Experimental performance and economic viability of evacuated tube solar collector assisted greenhouse dryer for sustainable development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    5. Francisco Álvarez-Sánchez & Jassón Flores-Prieto & Octavio García-Valladares, 2021. "Annual Thermal Performance of an Industrial Hybrid Direct–Indirect Solar Air Heating System for Drying Applications in Morelos-México," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-20, August.
    6. Madhankumar, S. & Viswanathan, Karthickeyan & Wu, Wei, 2021. "Energy, exergy and environmental impact analysis on the novel indirect solar dryer with fins inserted phase change material," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 280-294.
    7. Atalay, Halil & Yavaş, Nur & Turhan Çoban, M., 2022. "Sustainability and performance analysis of a solar and wind energy assisted hybrid dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 1173-1183.
    8. Kong, Decheng & Wang, Yunfeng & Li, Ming & Liang, Jingkang, 2022. "Experimental investigation of a novel hybrid drying system powered by a solar photovoltaic/thermal air collector and wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 705-718.
    9. Lingayat, Abhay Bhanudas & Chandramohan, V.P. & Raju, V.R.K. & Meda, Venkatesh, 2020. "A review on indirect type solar dryers for agricultural crops – Dryer setup, its performance, energy storage and important highlights," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    10. Gupta, Ankur & Das, Biplab & Biswas, Agnimitra & Mondol, Jayanta Deb, 2022. "Sustainability and 4E analysis of novel solar photovoltaic-thermal solar dryer under forced and natural convection drying," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1008-1021.
    11. Hao, Wengang & Lu, Yifeng & Lai, Yanhua & Yu, Hongwen & Lyu, Mingxin, 2018. "Research on operation strategy and performance prediction of flat plate solar collector with dual-function for drying agricultural products," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 685-696.
    12. Atalay, Halil & Cankurtaran, Eda, 2021. "Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergo-environmental analyses of a large scale solar dryer with PCM energy storage medium," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    13. Badaoui, Ouassila & Djebli, Ahmed & Hanini, Salah, 2022. "Solar drying of apple and orange waste: Evaluation of a new thermodynamic approach, and characterization analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1593-1605.
    14. Hadibi, Tarik & Mennouche, Djamel & Boubekri, Abdelghani & Arıcı, Müslüm & Wang, Yunfeng & Li, Ming & Emam Hassanien, Reda Hassanien & Shirkole, Shivanand S., 2024. "Experimental investigation, performance analysis, and optimization of hot air convective drying of date fruits via response surface methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    15. Azam, Mostafa M. & Eltawil, Mohamed A. & Amer, Baher M.A., 2020. "Thermal analysis of PV system and solar collector integrated with greenhouse dryer for drying tomatoes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    16. Kong, Decheng & Wang, Yunfeng & Li, Ming & Liang, Jingkang, 2024. "A comprehensive review of hybrid solar dryers integrated with auxiliary energy and units for agricultural products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    17. Antonio Franco & Carmen Scieuzo & Rosanna Salvia & Anna Maria Petrone & Elena Tafi & Antonio Moretta & Eric Schmitt & Patrizia Falabella, 2021. "Lipids from Hermetia illucens , an Innovative and Sustainable Source," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-23, September.
    18. Costanza Jucker & Daniela Lupi & Christopher Douglas Moore & Maria Giovanna Leonardi & Sara Savoldelli, 2020. "Nutrient Recapture from Insect Farm Waste: Bioconversion with Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    19. Pang, Wancheng & Hou, Dejia & Ke, Jingwen & Chen, Jiangshan & Holtzapple, Mark T. & Tomberlin, Jeffery K. & Chen, Huanchun & Zhang, Jibin & Li, Qing, 2020. "Production of biodiesel from CO2 and organic wastes by fermentation and black soldier fly," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1174-1181.
    20. Dejchanchaiwong, Racha & Tirawanichakul, Yutthana & Tirawanichakul, Supawan & Kumar, Anil & Tekasakul, Perapong, 2017. "Techno-economic assessment of forced-convection rubber smoking room for rubber cooperatives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 152-159.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:226:y:2024:i:c:s096014812400466x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.