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Agro-industrial residue of Pouteria sapota peels as a green heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel from soybean and sunflower oils

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  • Aleman-Ramirez, J.L.
  • Okoye, Patrick U.
  • Pal, Umapada
  • Sebastian, P.J.

Abstract

We report the use of ash from the agro-industrial waste of Pouteria sapota peels as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel from soybean and sunflower oils. The heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by activating raw Pouteria sapota peel powder at 500 °C for 2 h. The physicochemical and structural properties of the ash were evaluated by SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, BET analyses, and its basicity was determined through acid-base titration. The good activity of the ash-based catalyst was attributed mainly to the presence of potassium chloride (KCl), a specific surface area of 1.432 m2 g−1, and its high basicity of 9.069 mmol g−1. A maximum conversion yield of 92% was achieved for both the oils under optimized reaction conditions. For the soybean and sunflower oils, the optimum parameters were 3 wt% and 5 wt% of catalyst charge, methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1 and 9:1, and a reaction time of 240 min, respectively. The reactions were performed at 65 °C under stirring at 400 rpm. The physicochemical properties of soybean and sunflower biodiesel satisfactorily complied with the International Standard of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-D6751) and the European Standardization (EN-14214).

Suggested Citation

  • Aleman-Ramirez, J.L. & Okoye, Patrick U. & Pal, Umapada & Sebastian, P.J., 2024. "Agro-industrial residue of Pouteria sapota peels as a green heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel from soybean and sunflower oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:224:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124002283
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120163
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laskar, Ikbal Bahar & Gupta, Rajat & Chatterjee, Sushovan & Vanlalveni, Chhangte & Rokhum, Lalthazuala, 2020. "Taming waste: Waste Mangifera indica peel as a sustainable catalyst for biodiesel production at room temperature," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 207-220.
    2. Laskar, Ikbal Bahar & Deshmukhya, Tuhin & Bhanja, Piyali & Paul, Bappi & Gupta, Rajat & Chatterjee, Sushovan, 2020. "Transesterification of soybean oil at room temperature using biowaste as catalyst; an experimental investigation on the effect of co-solvent on biodiesel yield," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 98-111.
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