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An economic and environmental optimization model for sizing a hybrid renewable energy and battery storage system in off-grid farms

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  • Mérida García, Aida
  • Gallagher, John
  • Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio
  • McNabola, Aonghus

Abstract

This paper presents a model for optimizing the life cycle economic and environmental impacts of a hybrid renewable energy and battery storage system – as energy supply technologies (EST) for off-grid farms. Micro-hydropower and photovoltaics represent the primary renewable energy (RE) sources, with batteries and a diesel generator considered as possible back-up systems. A modified Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was developed and applied to a case study farm in Southern Spain and provided different EST solutions to optimize a design based on economic (life cycle costing or LCC) and environmental (life cycle assessment or LCA) constraints. The results highlighted that cases with a strong dependence on batteries could achieve minimum costs and lower impacts for climate change and energy resources (non-renewable fuels). In contrast, the optimal system for minimizing the consumption of material resources (metals/minerals) resulted in higher fuel use, which was up to 25% more expensive. The optimal EST solutions used up to 37% of the total energy generated; however, the results were sensitive to energy production-demand distributions. This methodology can help identify the most cost-effective solutions with the lower environmental impacts for decarbonizing the agricultural sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Mérida García, Aida & Gallagher, John & Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio & McNabola, Aonghus, 2024. "An economic and environmental optimization model for sizing a hybrid renewable energy and battery storage system in off-grid farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:220:y:2024:i:c:s0960148123015033
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119588
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