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Selection of an Optimal Frequency for Offshore Wind Farms

Author

Listed:
  • Byeonghyeon An

    (Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea)

  • Junsoo Che

    (Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea)

  • Taehun Kim

    (Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea)

  • Taesik Park

    (Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Offshore wind power has attracted significant attention due to its high potential, capability for large-scale farms, and high capacity factor. However, it faces high investment costs and issues with subsea power transmission. Conventional high-voltage AC (HVAC) methods are limited by charging current, while high-voltage DC (HVDC) methods suffer from the high cost of power conversion stations. The low-frequency AC (LFAC) method mitigates the charging current through low-frequency operation and can reduce power conversion station costs. This paper aims to identify the economically optimal frequency by comparing the investment costs of LFAC systems at various frequencies. The components of LFAC, including transformers, offshore platforms, and cables, exhibit frequency-dependent characteristics. Lower frequencies result in an increased size and volume of transformers, leading to higher investment costs for offshore platforms. In contrast, cable charging currents and losses are proportional to frequency, causing the total cost to reach a minimum at a specific frequency. To determine the optimal frequency, simulations of investment costs for varying capacities and distances were conducted.

Suggested Citation

  • Byeonghyeon An & Junsoo Che & Taehun Kim & Taesik Park, 2024. "Selection of an Optimal Frequency for Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:10:p:2440-:d:1398276
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zheren Zhang & Yanqiu Jin & Zheng Xu, 2023. "Modeling and Control of Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter for Low-Frequency AC Transmission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Conlon, Terence & Waite, Michael & Modi, Vijay, 2019. "Assessing new transmission and energy storage in achieving increasing renewable generation targets in a regional grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1085-1098.
    3. Domínguez-García, José Luis & Rogers, Daniel J. & Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E. & Liang, Jun & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2012. "Effect of non-standard operating frequencies on the economic cost of offshore AC networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 267-280.
    4. Dicorato, M. & Forte, G. & Pisani, M. & Trovato, M., 2011. "Guidelines for assessment of investment cost for offshore wind generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2043-2051.
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