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Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts, state-of-art and methods

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  • Nair, Sudeep
  • George, Biju
  • Malano, Hector M.
  • Arora, Meenakshi
  • Nawarathna, Bandara

Abstract

Water supply and wastewater services incur a large amount of energy and GHG emissions. It is therefore imperative to understand the link between water and energy as their availability and demand are closely interrelated. This paper presents a literature review and assessment of knowledge gaps related to water–energy–greenhouse gas (GHG) nexus studies in an urban context from an ‘energy for water’ perspective. The review comprehensively surveyed various studies undertaken in various regions of the world and focusing on individual or multiple subsystems of an urban water system. The paper also analyses the energy intensity of decentralized water systems and various water end-uses together with the major tools and models used. A major gap identified from this review is the lack of a holistic and systematic framework to capture the dynamics of multiple water–energy–GHG linkages in an integrated urban water system where centralized and decentralized water systems are combined to meet increased water demand. Other knowledge gaps identified are the absence of studies, peer reviewed papers, data and information on water–energy interactions while adopting a ‘fit for purpose water strategy’ for water supply. Finally, based on this review, we propose a water–energy nexus framework to investigate ‘fit-for-purpose’ water strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Nair, Sudeep & George, Biju & Malano, Hector M. & Arora, Meenakshi & Nawarathna, Bandara, 2014. "Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts, state-of-art and methods," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 1-10.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:89:y:2014:i:c:p:1-10
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Huang, Daohan & Li, Guijun & Chang, Yuan & Sun, Chengshuang, 2023. "Water, energy, and food nexus efficiency in China: A provincial assessment using a three-stage data envelopment analysis model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    4. Roger Cremades & Hermine Mitter & Nicu Constantin Tudose & Anabel Sanchez-Plaza & Anil Graves & Annelies Broekman & Steffen Bender & Carlo Giupponi & Phoebe Koundouri & Muhamad Bahri & Sorin Cheval & , 2019. "Ten principles to integrate the water-energy-land nexus with climate services for co-producing local and regional integrated assessments," DEOS Working Papers 1915, Athens University of Economics and Business.
    5. Allisa G. Hastie & Christopher M. Chini & Ashlynn S. Stillwell, 2022. "A mass balance approach to urban water analysis using multi‐resolution data," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(1), pages 213-224, February.
    6. Shen, Jijie & Yi, Peng & Zhang, Xumin & Yang, Yuantao & Fang, Jinzhu & Chi, Yuanying, 2023. "Can water conservation and energy conservation be promoted simultaneously in China?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).

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