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Energy recovery in solid waste management through CDM in India and other countries

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  • Unnikrishnan, Seema
  • Singh, Anju

Abstract

This paper looks into the clean development mechanism (CDM) projects involving energy recovery from municipal solid waste (MSW). The paper looks into the municipal waste management problems, regulatory framework in place and the CDM opportunities in India. A comparative assessment of the Indian CDM projects vis a vis projects worldwide is also presented. One hundred and nineteen worldwide CDM projects, including 16 from India, based on MSW and implemented across the developing countries in the world were studied to assess the various processes and methodologies used and the green house gas (GHG) reductions estimated. RDF, composting and landfill gas recovery methods have been explained in brief. Two case studies from India and Brazil have also been outlined. Brazil has the highest number of CDM projects of MSW origin (25) followed by China (16), India (16), Chile (10), Mexico (10) and Argentina (8). Rest of the non-Annex-1 countries have one, two or three projects each. It was observed that out of the 119 projects, 88 projects were using ACM0001 methodology where electricity is being produced and supplied to a grid. Out of the 16 Indian projects, only one of the projects has electricity being supplied to the grid. Nine out of the sixteen projects are based on AMS.III.E. methodology that is RDF. To conclude, India does not have well designed sanitary landfills where methane can be captured. India needs to make conscious effort towards developing more scientific landfills, capture methane and take carbon credits.

Suggested Citation

  • Unnikrishnan, Seema & Singh, Anju, 2010. "Energy recovery in solid waste management through CDM in India and other countries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(10), pages 630-640.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:54:y:2010:i:10:p:630-640
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.11.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olsen, Karen Holm & Fenhann, Jørgen, 2008. "Sustainable development benefits of clean development mechanism projects: A new methodology for sustainability assessment based on text analysis of the project design documents submitted for validatio," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2773-2784, August.
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    1. Kumar, Aman & Singh, Ekta & Mishra, Rahul & Lo, Shang Lien & Kumar, Sunil, 2023. "Global trends in municipal solid waste treatment technologies through the lens of sustainable energy development opportunity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    2. Lederer, Jakob & Ogwang, Francis & Karungi, Jeninah, 2017. "Knowledge identification and creation among local stakeholders in CDM waste composting projects: A case study from Uganda," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 339-352.
    3. Pacheco, Elen B.A.V. & Ronchetti, Luiza M. & Masanet, Eric, 2012. "An overview of plastic recycling in Rio de Janeiro," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 140-146.
    4. Prajapati, Kishan Kumar & Yadav, Monika & Singh, Rao Martand & Parikh, Priti & Pareek, Nidhi & Vivekanand, Vivekanand, 2021. "An overview of municipal solid waste management in Jaipur city, India - Current status, challenges and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).

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