IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/proeco/v179y2016icp273-284.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A quantity-flexibility contract with coordination

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Xin
  • Lian, Zhaotong
  • Choong, Kwee Keong
  • Liu, Xiaoming

Abstract

Motivated by the unique pricing and the contractual structure between a manufacturer and its retailers, and the uncharacteristic manner in the commercialization of newly developed products in the cosmetic industry, this paper studies a quantity-flexibility (QF) contract between a cosmetic manufacturer and a retailer with supply-chain coordination (SCC). By this QF and SCC arrangement, the retailer commits an amount of quantity of newly-developed products, and in return the manufacturer allows the retailer to adjust the order quantities of the commitment quantities based on the inventory balance status and the likely customer demand. We envisage that with this arrangement, both parties can attain maximum profit under the concept of the synergy effect. By developing a two-period dynamic model, we obtain an optimal replenishment strategy for the retailer and the optimal pricing scheme for the manufacturer. By comparing it between models with and without the SCC or quantity adjustment (QA), the numerical analysis and our case application support our theoretical model assertion that the synergy of attaining global (channel) optimal profit for both the manufacturer and the retailer is feasible. The results also show that the advantages of the QF contract with the SCC is very significant.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Xin & Lian, Zhaotong & Choong, Kwee Keong & Liu, Xiaoming, 2016. "A quantity-flexibility contract with coordination," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 273-284.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:273-284
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.06.016
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527316301219
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.06.016?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paul Ingenbleek & Marion Debruyne & Ruud T. Frambach & Theo M. M. Verhallen, 2003. "Successful New Product Pricing Practices: A Contingency Approach," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 289-305, December.
    2. Chen, Haoya & Chen, Jian & Chen, Youhua (Frank), 2006. "A coordination mechanism for a supply chain with demand information updating," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(1), pages 347-361, September.
    3. Gary D. Eppen & Ananth. V. Iyer, 1997. "Improved Fashion Buying with Bayesian Updates," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 45(6), pages 805-819, December.
    4. Zhou, Yong-Wu & Min, Jie & Goyal, Suresh K., 2008. "Supply-chain coordination under an inventory-level-dependent demand rate," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(2), pages 518-527, June.
    5. A. A. Tsay & W. S. Lovejoy, 1999. "Quantity Flexibility Contracts and Supply Chain Performance," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 1(2), pages 89-111.
    6. Jammernegg, Werner & Reiner, Gerald, 2007. "Performance improvement of supply chain processes by coordinated inventory and capacity management," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1-2), pages 183-190, July.
    7. Xiao, Tiaojun & Shi, Kuiran & Yang, Danqin, 2010. "Coordination of a supply chain with consumer return under demand uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(1), pages 171-180, March.
    8. Kaur Arshinder & Arun Kanda & S. G. Deshmukh, 2011. "A Review on Supply Chain Coordination: Coordination Mechanisms, Managing Uncertainty and Research Directions," International Handbooks on Information Systems, in: Tsan-Ming Choi & T.C. Edwin Cheng (ed.), Supply Chain Coordination under Uncertainty, pages 39-82, Springer.
    9. Hu, Fei & Lim, Cheng-Chew & Lu, Zudi, 2013. "Coordination of supply chains with a flexible ordering policy under yield and demand uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 686-693.
    10. Xin Chen & Stephen Shum & David Simchi-Levi, 2014. "Stable and Coordinating Contracts for a Supply Chain with Multiple Risk-Averse Suppliers," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 23(3), pages 379-392, March.
    11. Heinrich von Stackelberg, 2011. "Market Structure and Equilibrium," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-642-12586-7, June.
    12. Erhan Kesen, Saadettin & Kanchanapiboon, Atipol & Das, Sanchoy K., 2010. "Evaluating supply chain flexibility with order quantity constraints and lost sales," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(2), pages 181-188, August.
    13. Zhang, Wei-Guo & Fu, Junhui & Li, Hongyi & Xu, Weijun, 2012. "Coordination of supply chain with a revenue-sharing contract under demand disruptions when retailers compete," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(1), pages 68-75.
    14. Wang, Charles X. & Benaroch, Michel, 2004. "Supply chain coordination in buyer centric B2B electronic markets," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 113-124, November.
    15. Trichy V. Krishnan & Frank M. Bass & Dipak C. Jain, 1999. "Optimal Pricing Strategy for New Products," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 45(12), pages 1650-1663, December.
    16. Karen L. Donohue, 2000. "Efficient Supply Contracts for Fashion Goods with Forecast Updating and Two Production Modes," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 46(11), pages 1397-1411, November.
    17. Lian, Zhaotong & Deshmukh, Abhijit, 2009. "Analysis of supply contracts with quantity flexibility," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 196(2), pages 526-533, July.
    18. Engelbert J. Dockner & Gila E. Fruchter, 2014. "Coordinating Production and Marketing with Dynamic Transfer Prices," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 23(3), pages 431-445, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Qiang Han & Yuyan Wang, 2018. "Decision and Coordination in a Low-Carbon E-Supply Chain Considering the Manufacturer’s Carbon Emission Reduction Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Lijo John & Anand Gurumurthy, 2022. "Are quantity flexibility contracts with discounts in the presence of spot market procurement relevant for the humanitarian supply chain? An exploration," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 1775-1802, August.
    3. Li, Jianbin & Luo, Xiaomeng & Wang, Qifei & Zhou, Weihua, 2021. "Supply chain coordination through capacity reservation contract and quantity flexibility contract," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    4. Heydari, Jafar & Govindan, Kannan & Ebrahimi Nasab, Hamid Reza & Taleizadeh, Ata Allah, 2020. "Coordination by quantity flexibility contract in a two-echelon supply chain system: Effect of outsourcing decisions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    5. Cai, Jianhu & Hu, Xiaoqing & Jiang, Feiying & Zhou, Qing & Zhang, Xiaoyang & Xuan, Liyuan, 2019. "Optimal input quantity decisions considering commitment order contracts under yield uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 398-412.
    6. Pereira, Daniel Filipe & Oliveira, José Fernando & Carravilla, Maria Antónia, 2023. "Design of a sales plan in a hybrid contractual and non-contractual context in a setting of limited capacity: A robust approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    7. Lu Zhang & Deqing Ma & Jinsong Hu, 2021. "Research on the Sustainable Operation of Low-Carbon Tourism Supply Chain under Sudden Crisis Prediction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-25, July.
    8. Wei Liu & Shiji Song & Ying Qiao & Han Zhao, 2020. "Supply Chain Coordination with a Loss-Averse Retailer and Combined Contract," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-20, April.
    9. Li, Xin & Lian, Zhaotong & Pang, Chuan, 2020. "Efficient coordination of supply contracts with demand learning and two production modes," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cai, Wenbo & Abdel-Malek, Layek & Hoseini, Babak & Rajaei Dehkordi, Sharareh, 2015. "Impact of flexible contracts on the performance of both retailer and supplier," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(PB), pages 429-444.
    2. Chen, Kebing & Xiao, Tiaojun, 2011. "Ordering policy and coordination of a supply chain with two-period demand uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 215(2), pages 347-357, December.
    3. Li, Xin & Lian, Zhaotong & Pang, Chuan, 2020. "Efficient coordination of supply contracts with demand learning and two production modes," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    4. Devangan, Lokendra & Amit, R.K. & Mehta, Peeyush & Swami, Sanjeev & Shanker, Kripa, 2013. "Individually rational buyback contracts with inventory level dependent demand," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 381-387.
    5. Zhu, Stuart X., 2012. "Joint pricing and inventory replenishment decisions with returns and expediting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 216(1), pages 105-112.
    6. Lin, Qi & Zhao, Qiuhong & Lev, Benjamin, 2022. "Influenza vaccine supply chain coordination under uncertain supply and demand," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 297(3), pages 930-948.
    7. Liu, Weihua & Liu, Xiaoyan & Li, Xiang, 2015. "The two-stage batch ordering strategy of logistics service capacity with demand update," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 65-89.
    8. Pereira, Daniel Filipe & Oliveira, José Fernando & Carravilla, Maria Antónia, 2023. "Design of a sales plan in a hybrid contractual and non-contractual context in a setting of limited capacity: A robust approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    9. Choi, Tsan-Ming & Chow, Pui-Sze, 2008. "Mean-variance analysis of Quick Response Program," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(2), pages 456-475, August.
    10. Hsieh, Chung-Chi & Chang, Yih-Long & Wu, Cheng-Han, 2014. "Competitive pricing and ordering decisions in a multiple-channel supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 156-165.
    11. René Caldentey & Martin B. Haugh, 2009. "Supply Contracts with Financial Hedging," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 57(1), pages 47-65, February.
    12. DeYong, Gregory D. & Cattani, Kyle D., 2012. "Well adjusted: Using expediting and cancelation to manage store replenishment inventory for a seasonal good," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 220(1), pages 93-105.
    13. Durango-Cohen, Elizabeth J. & Li, Chia Hang, 2017. "Modeling supplier capacity allocation decisions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 256-272.
    14. Zhaotong Lian & Liming Liu & Stuart X. Zhu, 2010. "Rolling‐horizon replenishment: Policies and performance analysis," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(6), pages 489-502, September.
    15. Tang, Christopher S., 2006. "Perspectives in supply chain risk management," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 451-488, October.
    16. Heydari, Jafar & Govindan, Kannan & Ebrahimi Nasab, Hamid Reza & Taleizadeh, Ata Allah, 2020. "Coordination by quantity flexibility contract in a two-echelon supply chain system: Effect of outsourcing decisions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    17. Weihua Liu & Shuqing Wang & DongLei Zhu & Di Wang & Xinran Shen, 2018. "Order allocation of logistics service supply chain with fairness concern and demand updating: model analysis and empirical examination," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 268(1), pages 177-213, September.
    18. Feng, Yi & Mu, Yinping & Hu, Benyong & Kumar, Arun, 2014. "Commodity options purchasing and credit financing under capital constraint," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 230-237.
    19. Mark E. Ferguson & Gregory A. DeCroix & Paul H. Zipkin, 2005. "Commitment decisions with partial information updating," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(8), pages 780-795, December.
    20. Zhou, Yong-Wu & Wang, Sheng-Dong, 2009. "Manufacturer-buyer coordination for newsvendor-type-products with two ordering opportunities and partial backorders," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 198(3), pages 958-974, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:273-284. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpe .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.