IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/proeco/v225y2020ics0925527319304256.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Coordination by quantity flexibility contract in a two-echelon supply chain system: Effect of outsourcing decisions

Author

Listed:
  • Heydari, Jafar
  • Govindan, Kannan
  • Ebrahimi Nasab, Hamid Reza
  • Taleizadeh, Ata Allah

Abstract

This paper investigates a two-echelon supply chain (SC) with one product and two members, including one manufacturer and one retailer under stochastic demand. A quantity flexibility (QF) contract is applied where the retailer is allowed to update its primary order both downwards and upwards to share overstocking and overproduction risks between both channel members. In the proposed QF model, it is possible for the manufacturer to outsource production based on a reservation fee. The manufacturer's decision variable is in-house/outsource amount while the retailer decides on order quantity. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses have been implemented on the contract parameters. The results indicate that outsourcing a fraction of production not only increases the profit of the supply chain but can also increase each member's profit.

Suggested Citation

  • Heydari, Jafar & Govindan, Kannan & Ebrahimi Nasab, Hamid Reza & Taleizadeh, Ata Allah, 2020. "Coordination by quantity flexibility contract in a two-echelon supply chain system: Effect of outsourcing decisions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:225:y:2020:i:c:s0925527319304256
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107586
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527319304256
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107586?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Venegas, Bárbara B. & Ventura, José A., 2018. "A two-stage supply chain coordination mechanism considering price sensitive demand and quantity discounts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 264(2), pages 524-533.
    2. Wallace, Stein W. & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2011. "Flexibility, information structure, options, and market power in robust supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(2), pages 284-288, December.
    3. Gitae Kim & Chih-Hang Wu, 2013. "Scenario aggregation for supply chain quantity-flexibility contract," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(11), pages 2166-2182.
    4. Cai, Wenbo & Abdel-Malek, Layek & Hoseini, Babak & Rajaei Dehkordi, Sharareh, 2015. "Impact of flexible contracts on the performance of both retailer and supplier," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(PB), pages 429-444.
    5. Hu, Fei & Lim, Cheng-Chew & Lu, Zudi, 2013. "Coordination of supply chains with a flexible ordering policy under yield and demand uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 686-693.
    6. Bicer, Isik & Hagspiel, Verena, 2016. "Valuing quantity flexibility under supply chain disintermediation risk," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1-15.
    7. Alvarez, Luis H.R. & Stenbacka, Rune, 2007. "Partial outsourcing: A real options perspective," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 91-102, February.
    8. Wang, Qunzhi & Tsao, De-bi, 2006. "Supply contract with bidirectional options: The buyer's perspective," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(1), pages 30-52, May.
    9. Lei Xu & Yongjian Li & Kannan Govindan & Xiaohang Yue, 2018. "Return policy and supply chain coordination with network-externality effect," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(10), pages 3714-3732, May.
    10. Andy A. Tsay, 1999. "The Quantity Flexibility Contract and Supplier-Customer Incentives," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 45(10), pages 1339-1358, October.
    11. Jafar Heydari, 2015. "Coordinating replenishment decisions in a two-stage supply chain by considering truckload limitation based on delay in payments," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(10), pages 1897-1908, July.
    12. Chen, Kebing & Xiao, Tiaojun, 2015. "Outsourcing strategy and production disruption of supply chain with demand and capacity allocation uncertainties," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(PA), pages 243-257.
    13. Inderfurth, Karl & Kelle, Peter, 2011. "Capacity reservation under spot market price uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(1), pages 272-279, September.
    14. Hu, Benyong & Feng, Yi, 2017. "Optimization and coordination of supply chain with revenue sharing contracts and service requirement under supply and demand uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(PA), pages 185-193.
    15. Hu, Benyong & Qu, Jiali & Meng, Chao, 2018. "Supply chain coordination under option contracts with joint pricing under price-dependent demand," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 74-86.
    16. Yehuda Bassok & Ravi Anupindi, 2008. "Analysis of supply contracts with commitments and flexibility," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(5), pages 459-477, August.
    17. A. A. Tsay & W. S. Lovejoy, 1999. "Quantity Flexibility Contracts and Supply Chain Performance," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 1(2), pages 89-111.
    18. Spinler, Stefan & Huchzermeier, Arnd, 2006. "The valuation of options on capacity with cost and demand uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 171(3), pages 915-934, June.
    19. Zugang Liu & Anna Nagurney, 2013. "Supply chain networks with global outsourcing and quick-response production under demand and cost uncertainty," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 208(1), pages 251-289, September.
    20. Nookabadi, Ali Shahandeh, 2016. "Outsource planning through option contracts with demand and cost uncertaintyAuthor-Name: Nosoohi, Iman," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 250(1), pages 131-142.
    21. Li, Xin & Lian, Zhaotong & Choong, Kwee Keong & Liu, Xiaoming, 2016. "A quantity-flexibility contract with coordination," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 273-284.
    22. Benaroch, Michel & Webster, Scott & Kazaz, Burak, 2012. "Impact of sourcing flexibility on the outsourcing of services under demand uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 219(2), pages 272-283.
    23. Raza, Syed Asif, 2018. "Supply chain coordination under a revenue-sharing contract with corporate social responsibility and partial demand information," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1-14.
    24. Lian, Zhaotong & Deshmukh, Abhijit, 2009. "Analysis of supply contracts with quantity flexibility," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 196(2), pages 526-533, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Choi, Tsan-Ming & Wang, Yingjia & Shen, Bin, 2022. "Selling to Profit-Target-Oriented retailers: Optimal supply chain contracting with bargaining," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    2. Xie, Lei & Liu, Yunping & Han, Hongshuai & (Martin) Qiu, Chun, 2023. "Outsourcing or reshoring? A manufacturer's sourcing strategy in the presence of government subsidy," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 308(1), pages 131-149.
    3. Pei, Zhi & Wooldridge, Barbara Ross & Swimberghe, Krist R., 2021. "Manufacturer rebate and channel coordination in O2O retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    4. Aijun Liu & Dengxue Li & Miao Jie & Zengxian Li, 2022. "Coordination through revenue sharing contract in an E‐commerce supply chain with consumer preference," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 2467-2479, September.
    5. Lijo John & Anand Gurumurthy, 2022. "Are quantity flexibility contracts with discounts in the presence of spot market procurement relevant for the humanitarian supply chain? An exploration," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 1775-1802, August.
    6. Li, Yemei & Shan, Yanfei & Ling, Shuang, 2022. "Research on option pricing and coordination mechanism of festival food supply chain," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    7. Wirda Novarika & Sony Bahagia Sinaga & Satria Yudha Prayogi, 2024. "Reducing operational costs in a manufacturing system that incorporates quality assurances, probabilistic failures, overtime and outsourcing," Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER, vol. 4(13 (130)), pages 19-30, August.
    8. Pereira, Daniel Filipe & Oliveira, José Fernando & Carravilla, Maria Antónia, 2023. "Design of a sales plan in a hybrid contractual and non-contractual context in a setting of limited capacity: A robust approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    9. Clavijo López, Christian & Crama, Yves & Pironet, Thierry & Semet, Frédéric, 2024. "Multi-period distribution networks with purchase commitment contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(2), pages 556-572.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohammed Alkahtani, 2022. "Mathematical Modelling of Inventory and Process Outsourcing for Optimization of Supply Chain Management," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Nookabadi, Ali Shahandeh, 2016. "Outsource planning through option contracts with demand and cost uncertaintyAuthor-Name: Nosoohi, Iman," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 250(1), pages 131-142.
    3. Pereira, Daniel Filipe & Oliveira, José Fernando & Carravilla, Maria Antónia, 2023. "Design of a sales plan in a hybrid contractual and non-contractual context in a setting of limited capacity: A robust approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    4. Trigeorgis, Lenos & Tsekrekos, Andrianos E., 2018. "Real Options in Operations Research: A Review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(1), pages 1-24.
    5. Cai, Wenbo & Abdel-Malek, Layek & Hoseini, Babak & Rajaei Dehkordi, Sharareh, 2015. "Impact of flexible contracts on the performance of both retailer and supplier," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(PB), pages 429-444.
    6. Li, Jianbin & Luo, Xiaomeng & Wang, Qifei & Zhou, Weihua, 2021. "Supply chain coordination through capacity reservation contract and quantity flexibility contract," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    7. Brusset, Xavier, 2009. "Choosing a transport contract over multiple periods," MPRA Paper 18392, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 09 Jan 2009.
    8. Cai, Jianhu & Hu, Xiaoqing & Jiang, Feiying & Zhou, Qing & Zhang, Xiaoyang & Xuan, Liyuan, 2019. "Optimal input quantity decisions considering commitment order contracts under yield uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 398-412.
    9. Clavijo López, Christian & Crama, Yves & Pironet, Thierry & Semet, Frédéric, 2024. "Multi-period distribution networks with purchase commitment contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(2), pages 556-572.
    10. Cheaitou, Ali & Cheaytou, Rima, 2019. "A two-stage capacity reservation supply contract with risky supplier and forecast updating," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 42-60.
    11. Bo He & Yange Yang, 2018. "Mitigating supply risk: an approach with quantity flexibility procurement," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 271(2), pages 599-617, December.
    12. Bellantuono, Nicola & Giannoccaro, Ilaria & Pontrandolfo, Pierpaolo & Tang, Christopher S., 2009. "The implications of joint adoption of revenue sharing and advance booking discount programs," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(2), pages 383-394, October.
    13. Biswas, Indranil & Avittathur, Balram, 2019. "Channel coordination using options contract under simultaneous price and inventory competition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 45-60.
    14. Mahadevan, B. & Hazra, Jishnu & Jain, Tarun, 2017. "Services outsourcing under asymmetric cost information," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 257(2), pages 456-467.
    15. Devangan, Lokendra & Amit, R.K. & Mehta, Peeyush & Swami, Sanjeev & Shanker, Kripa, 2013. "Individually rational buyback contracts with inventory level dependent demand," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 381-387.
    16. Li, Xin & Lian, Zhaotong & Choong, Kwee Keong & Liu, Xiaoming, 2016. "A quantity-flexibility contract with coordination," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 273-284.
    17. Senlin Zhao & Qinghua Zhu, 2017. "Remanufacturing supply chain coordination under the stochastic remanufacturability rate and the random demand," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 257(1), pages 661-695, October.
    18. Zhu, Stuart X., 2017. "Approximate solutions and cost error bounds for quantity flexibility replenishment," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 306-315.
    19. Lijo John & Anand Gurumurthy, 2022. "Are quantity flexibility contracts with discounts in the presence of spot market procurement relevant for the humanitarian supply chain? An exploration," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 1775-1802, August.
    20. Xiaole Wu & Panos Kouvelis & Hirofumi Matsuo, 2013. "Horizontal Capacity Coordination for Risk Management and Flexibility: Pay Ex Ante or Commit a Fraction of Ex Post Demand?," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 15(3), pages 458-472, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:225:y:2020:i:c:s0925527319304256. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpe .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.