IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v626y2023ics0378437123006271.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Power grid vulnerability analysis using complex network theory: A topological study of the Nordic transmission grid

Author

Listed:
  • Forsberg, Samuel
  • Thomas, Karin
  • Bergkvist, Mikael

Abstract

To reduce the vulnerability of power grids to high impact low probability (HILP) events, analysis methods can be applied to quantify the criticality of the nodes in the grid. The method implemented in this article is one originating from complex network theory. It is used to quantify the structural vulnerability of an open-source transmission grid model representing the Nordic transmission grid. The analytical measures used are clustering coefficient and betweenness, closeness, degree, and combined centrality, which are weighted with respect to the estimated values of the transmission lines’ series reactance. The results, which are presented in the form of geographic and network representations, show substantial differences in terms of criticality between the nodes. The most critical ones are highlighted in geographic representations and are further compared with an open-source system analysis performed by the Swedish transmission system operator (TSO). The outcome from this study is that the weighted and combined centrality measure performed the best in terms of identifying critical nodes in the Nordic transmission grid. Thus, the method can be used as a tool for assessing the structural vulnerability of a real transmission grid, even with limited access to electrical grid data. However, the results from this method should not be considered conclusive.

Suggested Citation

  • Forsberg, Samuel & Thomas, Karin & Bergkvist, Mikael, 2023. "Power grid vulnerability analysis using complex network theory: A topological study of the Nordic transmission grid," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 626(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:626:y:2023:i:c:s0378437123006271
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2023.129072
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437123006271
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2023.129072?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johansson, Jonas & Hassel, Henrik & Zio, Enrico, 2013. "Reliability and vulnerability analyses of critical infrastructures: Comparing two approaches in the context of power systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 27-38.
    2. Zio, Enrico & Aven, Terje, 2011. "Uncertainties in smart grids behavior and modeling: What are the risks and vulnerabilities? How to analyze them?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 6308-6320, October.
    3. Abedi, Amin & Gaudard, Ludovic & Romerio, Franco, 2019. "Review of major approaches to analyze vulnerability in power system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 153-172.
    4. Sperstad, Iver Bakken & Kjølle, Gerd H. & Gjerde, Oddbjørn, 2020. "A comprehensive framework for vulnerability analysis of extraordinary events in power systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    5. Yang, Shenhao & Chen, Weirong & Zhang, Xuexia & Yang, Weiqi, 2021. "A Graph-based Method for Vulnerability Analysis of Renewable Energy integrated Power Systems to Cascading Failures," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    6. Giuliano Andrea Pagani & Marco Aiello, 2015. "A complex network approach for identifying vulnerabilities of the medium and low voltage grid," International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 11(1), pages 36-61.
    7. Wilko Heitkoetter & Wided Medjroubi & Thomas Vogt & Carsten Agert, 2019. "Comparison of Open Source Power Grid Models—Combining a Mathematical, Visual and Electrical Analysis in an Open Source Tool," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Mahmoud Saleh & Yusef Esa & Ahmed Mohamed, 2018. "Applications of Complex Network Analysis in Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Yusta, Jose M. & Correa, Gabriel J. & Lacal-Arántegui, Roberto, 2011. "Methodologies and applications for critical infrastructure protection: State-of-the-art," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 6100-6119, October.
    10. Bellè, Andrea & Zeng, Zhiguo & Duval, Carole & Sango, Marc & Barros, Anne, 2022. "Modeling and vulnerability analysis of interdependent railway and power networks: Application to British test systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    11. Lucas Cuadra & Sancho Salcedo-Sanz & Javier Del Ser & Silvia Jiménez-Fernández & Zong Woo Geem, 2015. "A Critical Review of Robustness in Power Grids Using Complex Networks Concepts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-55, August.
    12. Ma, Xiangyu & Zhou, Huijie & Li, Zhiyi, 2021. "On the resilience of modern power systems: A complex network perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    13. Zhou, Dongyue & Hu, Funian & Wang, Shuliang & Chen, Jun, 2021. "Power network robustness analysis based on electrical engineering and complex network theory," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 564(C).
    14. Ouyang, Min & Pan, Zhezhe & Hong, Liu & Zhao, Lijing, 2014. "Correlation analysis of different vulnerability metrics on power grids," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 396(C), pages 204-211.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Abedi, Amin & Gaudard, Ludovic & Romerio, Franco, 2019. "Review of major approaches to analyze vulnerability in power system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 153-172.
    2. Rocchetta, Roberto, 2022. "Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructures: Statistical analysis of power grid spectral clustering and post-contingency vulnerability metrics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    3. Beyza, Jesus & Yusta, Jose M., 2021. "The effects of the high penetration of renewable energies on the reliability and vulnerability of interconnected electric power systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    4. Tang, Daogui & Fang, Yi-Ping & Zio, Enrico, 2023. "Vulnerability analysis of demand-response with renewable energy integration in smart grids to cyber attacks and online detection methods," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    5. Beyza, Jesus & Gil, Pablo & Masera, Marcelo & Yusta, Jose M., 2020. "Security assessment of cross-border electricity interconnections," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    6. Sperstad, Iver Bakken & Kjølle, Gerd H. & Gjerde, Oddbjørn, 2020. "A comprehensive framework for vulnerability analysis of extraordinary events in power systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    7. Lucas Cuadra & Sancho Salcedo-Sanz & Javier Del Ser & Silvia Jiménez-Fernández & Zong Woo Geem, 2015. "A Critical Review of Robustness in Power Grids Using Complex Networks Concepts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-55, August.
    8. Gianluca Fulli & Marcelo Masera & Catalin Felix Covrig & Francesco Profumo & Ettore Bompard & Tao Huang, 2017. "The EU Electricity Security Decision-Analytic Framework: Status and Perspective Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, March.
    9. Zhou, Dongyue & Hu, Funian & Wang, Shuliang & Chen, Jun, 2021. "Power network robustness analysis based on electrical engineering and complex network theory," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 564(C).
    10. Mohammad Zaher Serdar & Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, 2021. "Resiliency Assessment of Road Networks during Mega Sport Events: The Case of FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-15, November.
    11. Abedi, Amin & Gaudard, Ludovic & Romerio, Franco, 2020. "Power flow-based approaches to assess vulnerability, reliability, and contingency of the power systems: The benefits and limitations," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    12. Mohamad Darayi & Kash Barker & Joost R. Santos, 2017. "Component Importance Measures for Multi-Industry Vulnerability of a Freight Transportation Network," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1111-1136, December.
    13. Yi‐Ping Fang & Giovanni Sansavini & Enrico Zio, 2019. "An Optimization‐Based Framework for the Identification of Vulnerabilities in Electric Power Grids Exposed to Natural Hazards," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(9), pages 1949-1969, September.
    14. Wu, Baichao & Tang, Aiping & Wu, Jie, 2016. "Modeling cascading failures in interdependent infrastructures under terrorist attacks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1-8.
    15. Wang, WuChang & Zhang, Yi & Li, YuXing & Hu, Qihui & Liu, Chengsong & Liu, Cuiwei, 2022. "Vulnerability analysis method based on risk assessment for gas transmission capabilities of natural gas pipeline networks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 218(PB).
    16. Hang Thi-Thuy Le & Eleonora Riva Sanseverino & Ninh Quang Nguyen & Maria Luisa Di Silvestre & Salvatore Favuzza & Binh Doan Van & Rossano Musca, 2023. "Critical Assessments of the Potential for Integrating Renewable Energy into Isolated Grids on Vietnamese Islands: The Case of the An-Binh Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, March.
    17. Espejo, Rafael & Lumbreras, Sara & Ramos, Andres, 2018. "Analysis of transmission-power-grid topology and scalability, the European case study," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 509(C), pages 383-395.
    18. Elkady, Sahar & Hernantes, Josune & Labaka, Leire, 2023. "Towards a resilient community: A decision support framework for prioritizing stakeholders' interaction areas," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    19. Zarghami, Seyed Ashkan & Gunawan, Indra & Schultmann, Frank, 2018. "Integrating entropy theory and cospanning tree technique for redundancy analysis of water distribution networks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 102-112.
    20. Wang, Wei & Cova, Gregorio & Zio, Enrico, 2022. "A clustering-based framework for searching vulnerabilities in the operation dynamics of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:626:y:2023:i:c:s0378437123006271. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.