IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v424y2015icp176-193.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Correlation structure and dynamics of international real estate securities markets: A network perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Gang-Jin
  • Xie, Chi

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the correlation structure and dynamics of international real estate securities markets by using daily returns of 20 national markets during the period 2006–2012 from a network perspective. We construct the minimum spanning tree (MST), the hierarchical tree (HT), and the planar maximally filtered graph (PMFG) obtained from the correlation matrix computed by the daily returns during the investigated period, and analyze the corresponding clustering structure, hierarchical structure, and community structure. We also build the time-varying MST and PMFG networks by a rolling window to examine the dynamics of correlation structure. The empirical results show that (1) the distribution of correlation coefficients is asymmetric, fat-tailed, and non-Gaussian. (2) The distributions of the influence-strength of the MST and PMFG networks obey a power-law. (3) Two clusters (i.e., the European and Asia-Pacific clusters) are found in the MST network, three hierarchical clusters (i.e., two like in the MST and the North American cluster) in the HT, and three communities in the PMFG network, which shows that national markets are linked together according to their geographical distributions. (4) The descriptive statistics of correlation coefficients and distances of the MSTs and PMFGs are time-varying; especially during periods of crisis they have a large fluctuation. (5) A huge number of linkages between national markets survive from one time to the next, and the long-term stability of the correlation structure in international real estate securities markets descends as time goes on. Our obtained results are new insights in international real estate securities markets and have wide applications for investment portfolio and risk management.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Gang-Jin & Xie, Chi, 2015. "Correlation structure and dynamics of international real estate securities markets: A network perspective," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 424(C), pages 176-193.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:424:y:2015:i:c:p:176-193
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2015.01.025
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437115000278
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2015.01.025?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ladislav Krištoufek & Karel Janda & David Zilberman, 2012. "Correlations between biofuels and related commodities: A taxonomy perspective," Working Papers IES 2012/15, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, revised Jun 2012.
    2. Drożdż, S & Grümmer, F & Górski, A.Z & Ruf, F & Speth, J, 2000. "Dynamics of competition between collectivity and noise in the stock market," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 287(3), pages 440-449.
    3. Anish Goorah, 2007. "Real Estate Risk Management with Copulas," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(4), pages 289-311, December.
    4. Sunil Kumar & Nivedita Deo, 2012. "Correlation, Network and Multifractal Analysis of Global Financial Indices," Papers 1202.0409, arXiv.org.
    5. David Michayluk & Patrick J. Wilson & Ralf Zurbruegg, 2006. "Asymmetric Volatility, Correlation and Returns Dynamics Between the U.S. and U.K. Securitized Real Estate Markets," Published Paper Series 2006-5, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney.
    6. Kim Liow & Kim Ho & Muhammad Ibrahim & Ziwei Chen, 2009. "Correlation and Volatility Dynamics in International Real Estate Securities Markets," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 202-223, August.
    7. Vasiliki Plerou & Parameswaran Gopikrishnan & Bernd Rosenow & Luis A. Nunes Amaral & H. Eugene Stanley, 1999. "Universal and non-universal properties of cross-correlations in financial time series," Papers cond-mat/9902283, arXiv.org.
    8. Gergely Palla & Imre Derényi & Illés Farkas & Tamás Vicsek, 2005. "Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in nature and society," Nature, Nature, vol. 435(7043), pages 814-818, June.
    9. R. Mantegna, 1999. "Hierarchical structure in financial markets," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 11(1), pages 193-197, September.
    10. Gilmore, Claire G. & Lucey, Brian M. & Boscia, Marian W., 2010. "Comovements in government bond markets: A minimum spanning tree analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(21), pages 4875-4886.
    11. Wang, Gang-Jin & Xie, Chi & Chen, Shou & Yang, Jiao-Jiao & Yang, Ming-Yan, 2013. "Random matrix theory analysis of cross-correlations in the US stock market: Evidence from Pearson’s correlation coefficient and detrended cross-correlation coefficient," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(17), pages 3715-3730.
    12. Dong-Ming Song & Michele Tumminello & Wei-Xing Zhou & Rosario N. Mantegna, 2011. "Evolution of worldwide stock markets, correlation structure and correlation based graphs," Papers 1103.5555, arXiv.org.
    13. Kwapień, J. & Drożdż, S. & Oświe¸cimka, P., 2006. "The bulk of the stock market correlation matrix is not pure noise," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 359(C), pages 589-606.
    14. Gilmore, Claire G. & Lucey, Brian M. & Boscia, Marian, 2008. "An ever-closer union? Examining the evolution of linkages of European equity markets via minimum spanning trees," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(25), pages 6319-6329.
    15. Elaine Worzala & C.F. Sirmans, 2003. "Investing in International Real Estate Stocks: A Review of the Literature," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(5-6), pages 1115-1149, May.
    16. Kristoufek, Ladislav & Janda, Karel & Zilberman, David, 2012. "Correlations between biofuels and related commodities before and during the food crisis: A taxonomy perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1380-1391.
    17. C. Coronnello & M. Tumminello & F. Lillo & S. Miccich`e & R. N. Mantegna, 2005. "Sector identification in a set of stock return time series traded at the London Stock Exchange," Papers cond-mat/0508122, arXiv.org.
    18. Richmond, Peter, 2007. "A roof over your head; house price peaks in the UK and Ireland," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 375(1), pages 281-287.
    19. Drożdż, S & Grümmer, F & Ruf, F & Speth, J, 2001. "Towards identifying the world stock market cross-correlations: DAX versus Dow Jones," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 294(1), pages 226-234.
    20. Bradford Case & Yawei Yang & Yildiray Yildirim, 2012. "Dynamic Correlations Among Asset Classes: REIT and Stock Returns," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 298-318, April.
    21. repec:arz:wpaper:eres2007-170 is not listed on IDEAS
    22. Wang, Gang-Jin & Xie, Chi & Han, Feng & Sun, Bo, 2012. "Similarity measure and topology evolution of foreign exchange markets using dynamic time warping method: Evidence from minimal spanning tree," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(16), pages 4136-4146.
    23. Harry Markowitz, 1952. "Portfolio Selection," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 7(1), pages 77-91, March.
    24. Chiuling Lu & Yiuman Tse & Michael Williams, 2013. "Returns transmission, value at risk, and diversification benefits in international REITs: evidence from the financial crisis," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 293-318, February.
    25. Jian Zhou, 2012. "Multiscale Analysis of International Linkages of REIT Returns and Volatilities," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 45(4), pages 1062-1087, November.
    26. Keskin, Mustafa & Deviren, Bayram & Kocakaplan, Yusuf, 2011. "Topology of the correlation networks among major currencies using hierarchical structure methods," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 390(4), pages 719-730.
    27. Juan Brida & Wiston Risso, 2010. "Dynamics and Structure of the 30 Largest North American Companies," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 35(1), pages 85-99, January.
    28. Sandoval , Leonidas Junior, 2013. "Cluster formation and evolution in networks of financial market indices," Algorithmic Finance, IOS Press, vol. 2(1), pages 3-43.
    29. Martin Hoesli & Kustrim Reka, 2013. "Volatility Spillovers, Comovements and Contagion in Securitized Real Estate Markets," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 1-35, July.
    30. Tse, Chi K. & Liu, Jing & Lau, Francis C.M., 2010. "A network perspective of the stock market," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 659-667, September.
    31. J.-P. Onnela & K. Kaski & J. Kertész, 2004. "Clustering and information in correlation based financial networks," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 38(2), pages 353-362, March.
    32. Jian Zhou & Yanmin Gao, 2012. "Tail Dependence in International Real Estate Securities Markets," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 128-151, June.
    33. Giuseppe Buccheri & Stefano Marmi & Rosario N. Mantegna, 2013. "Evolution of correlation structure of industrial indices of US equity markets," Papers 1306.4769, arXiv.org.
    34. Jaroslaw Kwapien & Sylwia Gworek & Stanislaw Drozdz & Andrzej Gorski, 2009. "Analysis of a network structure of the foreign currency exchange market," Papers 0906.0480, arXiv.org.
    35. Boginski, Vladimir & Butenko, Sergiy & Pardalos, Panos M., 2005. "Statistical analysis of financial networks," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 431-443, February.
    36. Coelho, Ricardo & Gilmore, Claire G. & Lucey, Brian & Richmond, Peter & Hutzler, Stefan, 2007. "The evolution of interdependence in world equity markets—Evidence from minimum spanning trees," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 376(C), pages 455-466.
    37. Tumminello, Michele & Lillo, Fabrizio & Mantegna, Rosario N., 2010. "Correlation, hierarchies, and networks in financial markets," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 75(1), pages 40-58, July.
    38. Anish Goorah, 2007. "Risk Management with Copulas," ERES eres2007_170, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    39. David Michayluk & Patrick J. Wilson & Ralf Zurbruegg, 2006. "Asymmetric Volatility, Correlation and Returns Dynamics Between the U.S. and U.K. Securitized Real Estate Markets," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 34(1), pages 109-131, March.
    40. Dror Y Kenett & Michele Tumminello & Asaf Madi & Gitit Gur-Gershgoren & Rosario N Mantegna & Eshel Ben-Jacob, 2010. "Dominating Clasp of the Financial Sector Revealed by Partial Correlation Analysis of the Stock Market," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(12), pages 1-14, December.
    41. Jarosław Kwapień & Sylwia Gworek & Stanisław Drożdż & Andrzej Górski, 2009. "Analysis of a network structure of the foreign currency exchange market," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 4(1), pages 55-72, June.
    42. Wei-Xing Zhou, 2008. "Multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis for two nonstationary signals," Papers 0803.2773, arXiv.org.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gautier Marti & Frank Nielsen & Miko{l}aj Bi'nkowski & Philippe Donnat, 2017. "A review of two decades of correlations, hierarchies, networks and clustering in financial markets," Papers 1703.00485, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2020.
    2. Gang-Jin Wang & Chi Xie & H. Eugene Stanley, 2018. "Correlation Structure and Evolution of World Stock Markets: Evidence from Pearson and Partial Correlation-Based Networks," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 51(3), pages 607-635, March.
    3. Gang-Jin Wang & Chi Xie & Shou Chen, 2017. "Multiscale correlation networks analysis of the US stock market: a wavelet analysis," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 12(3), pages 561-594, October.
    4. Sandoval, Leonidas, 2014. "To lag or not to lag? How to compare indices of stock markets that operate on different times," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 403(C), pages 227-243.
    5. Sandoval, Leonidas & Franca, Italo De Paula, 2012. "Correlation of financial markets in times of crisis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(1), pages 187-208.
    6. Esmalifalak, Hamidreza, 2022. "Euclidean (dis)similarity in financial network analysis," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    7. Sandoval, Leonidas, 2012. "Pruning a minimum spanning tree," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(8), pages 2678-2711.
    8. Coletti, Paolo, 2016. "Comparing minimum spanning trees of the Italian stock market using returns and volumes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 463(C), pages 246-261.
    9. Huang, Wei-Qiang & Yao, Shuang & Zhuang, Xin-Tian & Yuan, Ying, 2017. "Dynamic asset trees in the US stock market: Structure variation and market phenomena," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 44-53.
    10. Gang-Jin Wang & Chi Xie & Peng Zhang & Feng Han & Shou Chen, 2014. "Dynamics of Foreign Exchange Networks: A Time-Varying Copula Approach," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-11, May.
    11. Sandoval, Leonidas Junior, 2013. "To lag or not to lag? How to compare indices of stock markets that operate at different times," Insper Working Papers wpe_319, Insper Working Paper, Insper Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa.
    12. Leonidas Sandoval Junior, 2011. "A Map of the Brazilian Stock Market," Papers 1107.4146, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2013.
    13. Tao You & Paweł Fiedor & Artur Hołda, 2015. "Network Analysis of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Based on Partial Mutual Information," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-19, June.
    14. Kazemilari, Mansooreh & Mardani, Abbas & Streimikiene, Dalia & Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras, 2017. "An overview of renewable energy companies in stock exchange: Evidence from minimal spanning tree approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PA), pages 107-117.
    15. Leonidas Sandoval Junior & Italo De Paula Franca, 2011. "Correlation of financial markets in times of crisis," Papers 1102.1339, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2011.
    16. Anderson, Randy I. & Chen, Yi-Chi & Wang, Li-Min, 2015. "A range-based volatility approach to measuring volatility contagion in securitized real estate markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 223-235.
    17. Walter I. Boudry & Robert A. Connolly & Eva Steiner, 2022. "What happens during flight to safety: Evidence from public and private real estate markets," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(1), pages 147-172, March.
    18. Chun-Xiao Nie & Fu-Tie Song, 2021. "Entropy of Graphs in Financial Markets," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 57(4), pages 1149-1166, April.
    19. Výrost, Tomáš & Lyócsa, Štefan & Baumöhl, Eduard, 2015. "Granger causality stock market networks: Temporal proximity and preferential attachment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 427(C), pages 262-276.
    20. Trancoso, Tiago, 2014. "Emerging markets in the global economic network: Real(ly) decoupling?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 395(C), pages 499-510.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:424:y:2015:i:c:p:176-193. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.