IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v424y2015icp152-167.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Occupant evacuation and casualty estimation in a building under earthquake using cellular automata

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Shuang
  • Zhai, Changhai
  • Xie, Lili

Abstract

Knowledge of occupant evacuation process in a building presents engineers with an efficient way of testing the rationality of the building design before construction. Meanwhile, it benefits to the occupant casualty estimation in the building under earthquakes, which has been an essential problem in the performance-based earthquake engineering methodology. The cellular automata model is adopted to simulate the occupant movements in the building. The factors including the behaviors of directional moving to exits, directional moving with crowds, and the competitive phenomenon to a position are included in the model. Evacuation processes at different regions of the building containing room, corridor and staircase are considered and effects of model parameters, competition, exit width, and occupant density are studied. The building collapse under earthquakes is simulated by explicit finite element method. The occupant casualties in an earthquake are evaluated by coupling the building collapse simulation and evacuation process simulation with time and space synchronization. A casualty occurrence criterion is defined using relative displacement. Comparing with existing methods, the presented method can provide estimations on occupant evacuation process and occupant casualties in a more accurate way and provide after-earthquake occupant casualty distributions in the building. Fragility functions of casualty and death caused economic loss are also provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Shuang & Zhai, Changhai & Xie, Lili, 2015. "Occupant evacuation and casualty estimation in a building under earthquake using cellular automata," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 424(C), pages 152-167.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:424:y:2015:i:c:p:152-167
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2015.01.008
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437115000102
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2015.01.008?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hughes, Roger L., 2002. "A continuum theory for the flow of pedestrians," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 507-535, July.
    2. Guo, Ren-Yong, 2014. "New insights into discretization effects in cellular automata models for pedestrian evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 400(C), pages 1-11.
    3. Kirchner, Ansgar & Klüpfel, Hubert & Nishinari, Katsuhiro & Schadschneider, Andreas & Schreckenberg, Michael, 2003. "Simulation of competitive egress behavior: comparison with aircraft evacuation data," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 324(3), pages 689-697.
    4. Zhao, Daoliang & Yang, Lizhong & Li, Jian, 2008. "Occupants’ behavior of going with the crowd based on cellular automata occupant evacuation model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(14), pages 3708-3718.
    5. Dirk Helbing & Illés Farkas & Tamás Vicsek, 2000. "Simulating dynamical features of escape panic," Nature, Nature, vol. 407(6803), pages 487-490, September.
    6. Song, Weiguo & Xu, Xuan & Wang, Bing-Hong & Ni, Shunjiang, 2006. "Simulation of evacuation processes using a multi-grid model for pedestrian dynamics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 363(2), pages 492-500.
    7. Huang, Ling & Wong, S.C. & Zhang, Mengping & Shu, Chi-Wang & Lam, William H.K., 2009. "Revisiting Hughes' dynamic continuum model for pedestrian flow and the development of an efficient solution algorithm," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 127-141, January.
    8. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro & Kokubo, Satoshi & Nishinari, Katsuhiro, 2007. "Simulation for pedestrian dynamics by real-coded cellular automata (RCA)," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 379(2), pages 654-660.
    9. Varas, A. & Cornejo, M.D. & Mainemer, D. & Toledo, B. & Rogan, J. & Muñoz, V. & Valdivia, J.A., 2007. "Cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 382(2), pages 631-642.
    10. Aiko Furukawa & Yutaka Ohta, 2009. "Failure process of masonry buildings during earthquake and associated casualty risk evaluation," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 49(1), pages 25-51, April.
    11. Kirchner, Ansgar & Schadschneider, Andreas, 2002. "Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 312(1), pages 260-276.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kefan Xie & Yu Song & Jia Liu & Benbu Liang & Xiang Liu, 2018. "Stampede Prevention Design of Primary School Buildings in China: A Sustainable Built Environment Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Zhou, Zi-Xuan & Nakanishi, Wataru & Asakura, Yasuo, 2021. "Route choice in the pedestrian evacuation: Microscopic formulation based on visual information," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 562(C).
    3. Cao, Shuchao & Song, Weiguo & Lv, Wei & Fang, Zhiming, 2015. "A multi-grid model for pedestrian evacuation in a room without visibility," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 436(C), pages 45-61.
    4. Guo, Fang & Li, Xingli & Kuang, Hua & Bai, Yang & Zhou, Huaguo, 2016. "An extended cost potential field cellular automata model considering behavior variation of pedestrian flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 462(C), pages 630-640.
    5. Miyagawa, Daiki & Ichinose, Genki, 2020. "Cellular automaton model with turning behavior in crowd evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 549(C).
    6. Li, Shuang & Yu, Xiaohui & Zhang, Yanjuan & Zhai, Changhai, 2018. "A numerical simulation strategy on occupant evacuation behaviors and casualty prediction in a building during earthquakes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1238-1250.
    7. Han, Yanbin & Liu, Hong, 2017. "Modified social force model based on information transmission toward crowd evacuation simulation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 469(C), pages 499-509.
    8. Zhou, Zi-Xuan & Nakanishi, Wataru & Asakura, Yasuo, 2021. "Data-driven framework for the adaptive exit selection problem in pedestrian flow: Visual information based heuristics approach," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 583(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Shuang & Yu, Xiaohui & Zhang, Yanjuan & Zhai, Changhai, 2018. "A numerical simulation strategy on occupant evacuation behaviors and casualty prediction in a building during earthquakes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1238-1250.
    2. Zheng, Xiaoping & Li, Wei & Guan, Chao, 2010. "Simulation of evacuation processes in a square with a partition wall using a cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(11), pages 2177-2188.
    3. Yue, Hao & Guan, Hongzhi & Zhang, Juan & Shao, Chunfu, 2010. "Study on bi-direction pedestrian flow using cellular automata simulation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(3), pages 527-539.
    4. Huang, Rong & Zhao, Xuan & Zhou, Chenyu & Kong, Lingchen & Liu, Chengqing & Yu, Qiang, 2022. "Static floor field construction and fine discrete cellular automaton model: Algorithms, simulations and insights," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 606(C).
    5. Guo, Ning & Hu, Mao-Bin & Jiang, Rui, 2017. "Impact of variable body size on pedestrian dynamics by heuristics-based model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 465(C), pages 109-114.
    6. Zheng, Yaochen & Chen, Jianqiao & Wei, Junhong & Guo, Xiwei, 2012. "Modeling of pedestrian evacuation based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(17), pages 4225-4233.
    7. Li, Xiao-Yang & Lin, Zhi-Yang & Zhang, Peng & Zhang, Xiao-Ning, 2023. "Reconstruction of density and cost potential field of Eikonal equation: Applications to discrete pedestrian flow models," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 629(C).
    8. Geng, Zhongfei & Li, Xingli & Kuang, Hua & Bai, Xuecen & Fan, Yanhong, 2019. "Effect of uncertain information on pedestrian dynamics under adverse sight conditions," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 521(C), pages 681-691.
    9. Zheng, Ying & Jia, Bin & Li, Xin-Gang & Zhu, Nuo, 2011. "Evacuation dynamics with fire spreading based on cellular automaton," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 390(18), pages 3147-3156.
    10. Fu, Zhijian & Zhou, Xiaodong & Zhu, Kongjin & Chen, Yanqiu & Zhuang, Yifan & Hu, Yuqi & Yang, Lizhong & Chen, Changkun & Li, Jian, 2015. "A floor field cellular automaton for crowd evacuation considering different walking abilities," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 420(C), pages 294-303.
    11. Ma, Yi & Yuen, Richard Kwok Kit & Lee, Eric Wai Ming, 2016. "Effective leadership for crowd evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 450(C), pages 333-341.
    12. Haghani, Milad, 2021. "The knowledge domain of crowd dynamics: Anatomy of the field, pioneering studies, temporal trends, influential entities and outside-domain impact," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 580(C).
    13. Srinivasan, Aravinda Ramakrishnan & Karan, Farshad Salimi Naneh & Chakraborty, Subhadeep, 2017. "Pedestrian dynamics with explicit sharing of exit choice during egress through a long corridor," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 468(C), pages 770-782.
    14. Jiang, Yan-Qun & Zhang, Wei & Zhou, Shu-Guang, 2016. "Comparison study of the reactive and predictive dynamic models for pedestrian flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 441(C), pages 51-61.
    15. Zhang, Xinwei & Zhang, Peihong & Zhong, Maohua, 2021. "A dual adaptive cellular automaton model based on a composite field and pedestrian heterogeneity," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 583(C).
    16. Guo, Xiwei & Chen, Jianqiao & Zheng, Yaochen & Wei, Junhong, 2012. "A heterogeneous lattice gas model for simulating pedestrian evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(3), pages 582-592.
    17. Fu, Zhijian & Luo, Lin & Yang, Yue & Zhuang, Yifan & Zhang, Peitong & Yang, Lizhong & Yang, Hongtai & Ma, Jian & Zhu, Kongjin & Li, Yanlai, 2016. "Effect of speed matching on fundamental diagram of pedestrian flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 458(C), pages 31-42.
    18. Liu, Yulu & Ma, Xuechen & Tao, Yizhou & Dong, Liyun & Ding, Xu & Qiu, Xiang, 2024. "Numerical investigation on the impact of obstacles on phase transition in pedestrian counter-flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 635(C).
    19. Li, Jun & Fu, Siyao & He, Haibo & Jia, Hongfei & Li, Yanzhong & Guo, Yi, 2015. "Simulating large-scale pedestrian movement using CA and event driven model: Methodology and case study," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 437(C), pages 304-321.
    20. Li, Yang & Chen, Maoyin & Zheng, Xiaoping & Dou, Zhan & Cheng, Yuan, 2020. "Relationship between behavior aggressiveness and pedestrian dynamics using behavior-based cellular automata model," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:424:y:2015:i:c:p:152-167. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.