IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/pacfin/v82y2023ics0927538x2300207x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Venture capital firms' lead orientation and entry to new investment markets

Author

Listed:
  • Hu, Xiao
  • Wang, Jiayi
  • Wu, Banggang
  • Xiang, Shuting

Abstract

This study focuses on how a venture capital (VC) firm's lead orientation (i.e., the propensity to act as lead investors rather than follower investors in its past syndication investments) influences its decision to enter new investment markets, and how such a relationship is altered by VC firm's position in the syndication network. Based on empirical analyses that use detailed information on 11,219 investment deals in China from January 1999 to June 2016, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between VC firms' lead orientation and the distance between the new-entered market and the existing markets. In addition, a VC firm's network centrality weakens the inverted U-shaped relationship, while the level of network constraint strengthens the main effect. To establish our findings' reliability, we conducted robustness checks using different measures and subsamples. Additionally, we employed the instrumental variable approach and the Heckman selection model to address potential endogeneity issues, further strengthening the validity of our findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Xiao & Wang, Jiayi & Wu, Banggang & Xiang, Shuting, 2023. "Venture capital firms' lead orientation and entry to new investment markets," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:pacfin:v:82:y:2023:i:c:s0927538x2300207x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pacfin.2023.102136
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927538X2300207X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.pacfin.2023.102136?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gert Sabidussi, 1966. "The centrality index of a graph," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 31(4), pages 581-603, December.
    2. Na Dai & Rajarishi Nahata, 2016. "Cultural differences and cross-border venture capital syndication," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(2), pages 140-169, February.
    3. Colonnelli, Emanuele & Li, Bo & Liu, Ernest, 2022. "Investing with the Government: A Field Experiment in China," CEPR Discussion Papers 17423, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Dimo Dimov & Pablo Martin de Holan, 2010. "Firm Experience and Market Entry by Venture Capital Firms (1962–2004)," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(1), pages 130-161, January.
    5. Bernard L. Simonin, 1999. "Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(7), pages 595-623, July.
    6. Xuan Tian & Jiajie Xu, 2022. "Do Place-Based Policies Promote Local Innovation and Entrepreneurship? [A model of growth through creative destruction]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(3), pages 595-635.
    7. Fu, Hui & Yang, Jun & An, Yunbi, 2019. "Made for each other: Perfect matching in venture capital markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 346-358.
    8. Song Ma, 2020. "The Life Cycle of Corporate Venture Capital," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(1), pages 358-394.
    9. Hsu, Po-Hsuan & Tian, Xuan & Xu, Yan, 2014. "Financial development and innovation: Cross-country evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 116-135.
    10. Gorman, Michael & Sahlman, William A., 1989. "What do venture capitalists do?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 4(4), pages 231-248, July.
    11. Manju Puri & Rebecca Zarutskie, 2012. "On the Life Cycle Dynamics of Venture-Capital- and Non-Venture-Capital-Financed Firms," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 67(6), pages 2247-2293, December.
    12. Yael V. Hochberg & Alexander Ljungqvist & Yang Lu, 2007. "Whom You Know Matters: Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(1), pages 251-301, February.
    13. Meuleman, Miguel & Jääskeläinen, Mikko & Maula, Markku V.J. & Wright, Mike, 2017. "Venturing into the unknown with strangers: Substitutes of relational embeddedness in cross-border partner selection in venture capital syndicates," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 131-144.
    14. Bernstein, Shai & Dev, Abhishek & Lerner, Josh, 2020. "The creation and evolution of entrepreneurial public markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(2), pages 307-329.
    15. Nahata, Rajarishi, 2008. "Venture capital reputation and investment performance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(2), pages 127-151, November.
    16. Bygrave, William D., 1988. "The structure of the investment networks of venture capital firms," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 137-157.
    17. Yuejia Zhang, 2018. "Gain or pain? New evidence on mixed syndication between governmental and private venture capital firms in China," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 995-1031, December.
    18. Levinthal, Daniel & March, James G., 1981. "A model of adaptive organizational search," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 2(4), pages 307-333, December.
    19. Humphery-Jenner, Mark & Suchard, Jo-Ann, 2013. "Foreign VCs and venture success: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 16-35.
    20. Douglas Cumming & Satish Kumar & Weng Marc Lim & Nitesh Pandey, 2023. "Mapping the venture capital and private equity research: a bibliometric review and future research agenda," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 173-221, June.
    21. Miguel Meuleman & Andy Lockett & Sophie Manigart & Mike Wright, 2010. "Partner Selection Decisions in Interfirm Collaborations: The Paradox of Relational Embeddedness," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(6), pages 995-1019, September.
    22. Pantano, Eleonora & Priporas, Constantinos-Vasilios & Sorace, Stefano & Iazzolino, Gianpaolo, 2017. "Does innovation-orientation lead to retail industry growth? Empirical evidence from patent analysis," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 88-94.
    23. Rodolphe Durand & Hayagreeva Rao & Philippe Monin, 2005. "Border Crossing: Bricolage and the Erosion of Categorical Boundaries in French Gastronomy," Post-Print hal-00457938, HAL.
    24. Bygrave, William D., 1987. "Syndicated investments by venture capital firms: A networking perspective," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 139-154.
    25. Bernile, Gennaro & Cumming, Douglas & Lyandres, Evgeny, 2007. "The size of venture capital and private equity fund portfolios," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 564-590, September.
    26. Justin Tan & Hongjuan Zhang & Liang Wang, 2015. "Network Closure or Structural Hole? The Conditioning Effects of Network–Level Social Capital on Innovation Performance," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(5), pages 1189-1212, September.
    27. Ranjay Gulati, 1999. "Network location and learning: the influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(5), pages 397-420, May.
    28. Daniel N. Deli & Mukunthan Santhanakrishnan, 2010. "Syndication in Venture Capital Financing," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 45(3), pages 557-578, August.
    29. Gompers, Paul & Lerner, Josh, 2000. "Money chasing deals? The impact of fund inflows on private equity valuation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 281-325, February.
    30. Chen, Xue & Ma, Le, 2023. "Lead investors' insider ownership and crowd investors' agency concerns in investor-led equity crowdfunding," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    31. Gwendolyn K. Lee, 2007. "The significance of network resources in the race to enter emerging product markets: the convergence of telephony communications and computer networking, 1989–2001," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(1), pages 17-37, January.
    32. Christian Hopp, 2010. "The evolution of inter-organizational networks in venture capital financing," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(22), pages 1725-1739.
    33. Hayagreeva Rao & Philippe Monin & Rodolphe Durand, 2005. "Border crossing : Bricolage and the Erosion of Categorical Boundaries in French Gastronomy," Post-Print hal-02311675, HAL.
    34. Sharon F. Matusik & Markus A. Fitza, 2012. "Diversification in the venture capital industry: leveraging knowledge under uncertainty," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(4), pages 407-426, April.
    35. Steven N. Kaplan & Josh Lerner, 2016. "Venture Capital Data: Opportunities and Challenges," NBER Chapters, in: Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges, pages 413-431, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    36. Mike Wright & Andy Lockett, 2003. "The Structure and Management of Alliances: Syndication in the Venture Capital Industry," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(8), pages 2073-2102, December.
    37. David J. Teece & Richard Rumelt & Giovanni Dosi & Sidney Winter, 2000. "Understanding Corporate Coherence: Theory and Evidence," Chapters, in: Innovation, Organization and Economic Dynamics, chapter 9, pages 264-293, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    38. Martin Gargiulo & Mario Benassi, 2000. "Trapped in Your Own Net? Network Cohesion, Structural Holes, and the Adaptation of Social Capital," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(2), pages 183-196, April.
    39. J. Michael Haynie & Dean A. Shepherd & Jeffery S. McMullen, 2009. "An Opportunity for Me? The Role of Resources in Opportunity Evaluation Decisions," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(3), pages 337-361, May.
    40. Lockett, Andy & Wright, Mike, 2001. "The syndication of venture capital investments," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 375-390, October.
    41. Brambor, Thomas & Clark, William Roberts & Golder, Matt, 2006. "Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(1), pages 63-82, January.
    42. Tian, Xuan & Udell, Gregory F. & Yu, Xiaoyun, 2016. "Disciplining delegated monitors: When venture capitalists fail to prevent fraud by their IPO firms," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(2), pages 526-544.
    43. Dirk De Clercq & Dimo Dimov, 2008. "Internal Knowledge Development and External Knowledge Access in Venture Capital Investment Performance," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(3), pages 585-612, May.
    44. Plagmann, Carolin & Lutz, Eva, 2019. "Beggars or choosers? Lead venture capitalists and the impact of reputation on syndicate partner selection in international settings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 359-378.
    45. Shruti, R. & Thenmozhi, M., 2023. "Founder ownership and value relevance of IFRS convergence: Role of institutional investors," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    46. Suchard, Jo-Ann & Humphery-Jenner, Mark & Cao, Xiaping, 2021. "Government ownership and Venture Capital in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    47. Brian S. Anderson & Patrick M. Kreiser & Donald F. Kuratko & Jeffrey S. Hornsby & Yoshihiro Eshima, 2015. "Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial orientation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(10), pages 1579-1596, October.
    48. Bayar, Onur & Chemmanur, Thomas J. & Tian, Xuan, 2020. "Peer Monitoring, Syndication, and the Dynamics of Venture Capital Interactions: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 55(6), pages 1875-1914, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hu, Xiao & Wang, Jiayi & Wu, Banggang, 2022. "Venture capital firms’ lead orientation, network position, and selection of familiar syndicate partners," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Xiao Hu & Jiayi Wang & Banggang Wu & Taiyang Zhao, 2022. "Specialist or new entrant: Who is the ideal investor for a new venture?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 2055-2065, September.
    3. Cheng, Chun-Yun & Tang, Ming-Je, 2019. "Partner-selection effects on venture capital investment performance with uncertainties," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 242-252.
    4. Zhiyi Qiu & Bingyi Liu & Ye Yang, 2023. "Like Performance, Perfect Match: Role of Past Performance in Venture Capital Syndication," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    5. Douglas Cumming & Satish Kumar & Weng Marc Lim & Nitesh Pandey, 2023. "Mapping the venture capital and private equity research: a bibliometric review and future research agenda," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 173-221, June.
    6. Yuejia Zhang, 2018. "Gain or pain? New evidence on mixed syndication between governmental and private venture capital firms in China," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 995-1031, December.
    7. Johannes Wallmeroth & Peter Wirtz & Alexander Peter Groh, 2017. "Institutional Seed Financing, Angel Financing, and Crowdfunding of Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Literature Review," Working Papers hal-01527999, HAL.
    8. Liu, Yu & Maula, Markku, 2021. "Contextual status effects: The performance effects of host-country network status and regulatory institutions in cross-border venture capital," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(5).
    9. Eric Nasica & Dominique Torre & Dominique Dufour, 2011. "Syndication in private equity industry: comparing the strategies of independent and captive venture capitalists," Post-Print halshs-00720785, HAL.
    10. Zhang, Jing & Zhang, Wei & Schwab, Andreas, 2024. "Interorganizational triads for foreign-market entry: Partnerships among Western, bridge-economy, and local VCs in Mainland China," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 39(1).
    11. Sang Yoon Shin, 2019. "Network advantage’s effect on exit performance: examining venture capital’s inter-organizational networks," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 21-42, March.
    12. Tereza Tykvová, 2018. "Venture capital and private equity financing: an overview of recent literature and an agenda for future research," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 88(3), pages 325-362, May.
    13. Ge, Guoqing & Xue, Jian & Zhang, Qian, 2024. "Industrial policy and governmental venture capital: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    14. Rin, Marco Da & Hellmann, Thomas & Puri, Manju, 2013. "A Survey of Venture Capital Research," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 573-648, Elsevier.
    15. Thomas Keil & Markku V.J. Maula & Cameron Wilson, 2010. "Unique Resources of Corporate Venture Capitalists as a Key to Entry into Rigid Venture Capital Syndication Networks," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(1), pages 83-103, January.
    16. Violetta Bacon-Gerasymenko & Jonathan D. Arthurs & Sam Y. Cho, 2020. "How and When Investment Horizons Determine Venture Capital Firms’ Attention Breadth to Portfolio Companies," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(3), pages 475-503, May.
    17. Lei Zhang, 2019. "Founders Matter! Serial Entrepreneurs and Venture Capital Syndicate Formation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(5), pages 974-998, September.
    18. Miguel Meuleman & Andy Lockett & Sophie Manigart & Mike Wright, 2010. "Partner Selection Decisions in Interfirm Collaborations: The Paradox of Relational Embeddedness," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(6), pages 995-1019, September.
    19. Dimov, Dimo & Milanov, Hana, 2010. "The interplay of need and opportunity in venture capital investment syndication," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 331-348, July.
    20. Kang, Jun-Koo & Li, Yingxiang & Oh, Seungjoon, 2022. "Venture Capital Coordination in Syndicates, Corporate Monitoring, and Firm Performance," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:pacfin:v:82:y:2023:i:c:s0927538x2300207x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/pacfin .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.