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The decision to list abroad: The case of ADRs and foreign IPOs by Chinese companies

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  • Zhang, Cinder Xinde
  • King, Tao-Hsien Dolly

Abstract

This paper examines the decision to list abroad by Chinese companies in the form of ADRs and foreign IPOs from 1993 to 2005. Our sample consists of 33 ADRs, 218 foreign IPOs, and a sample of 1418 domestic listings. We find evidence to support that issuers are motivated to cross-list due to the legal and accounting standards of the foreign markets, more stringent listing requirements and closer regulatory monitoring, significant demands for external capital due to rapid growth, an expanded shareholder base, and foreign expertise. The motives and firm factors differ by the type of issue (ADR versus foreign IPO) and by the market in which the foreign exchange is located (Hong Kong versus Singapore). Subsequent to the listing events, issuers experience a significant drop in profitability, tangible assets ratio, and asset turnover. There is no significant change in capital expenditure. Stock returns after the listing events are generally negative for ADR and foreign IPO stocks. More significantly, these stocks under-perform the market in the post-event window ranging from 3 days to 3 years.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Cinder Xinde & King, Tao-Hsien Dolly, 2010. "The decision to list abroad: The case of ADRs and foreign IPOs by Chinese companies," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 71-92, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:mulfin:v:20:y:2010:i:1:p:71-92
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    Cited by:

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    2. Hongmei Xu, 2015. "Why do Small Chinese Firms List on Frankfurt Stock Exchange?," China Economic Policy Review (CEPR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(01), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Hornstein, Abigail S., 2014. "The impact of local governance institutions on foreign market listings: The case of Chinese firms," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 46-67.
    4. Li, Hong, 2019. "Direct overseas listing versus cross-listing: A multivalued treatment effects analysis of Chinese listed firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    5. Sun Hyun Park & Yanlong Zhang, 2020. "Cultural Entrepreneurship in Corporate Governance Practice Diffusion: Framing of “Independent Directors” by U.S.-Listed Chinese Companies," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(6), pages 1359-1384, November.
    6. Jing Zhang & Huizhi Yu, 2017. "Venture Capitalists’ Experience and Foreign IPOs: Evidence from China," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(5), pages 677-707, September.
    7. Xu, Hongmei, 2014. "Why do small Chinese firms list on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange?," Discussion Papers of the Institute for Organisational Economics 11/2014, University of Münster, Institute for Organisational Economics.
    8. Tourani-Rad, Alireza & Gilbert, Aaron & Chen, Jun, 2016. "Are foreign IPOs really foreign? Price efficiency and information asymmetry of Chinese foreign IPOs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 95-106.
    9. Busaba, Walid Y. & Guo, Lin & Sun, Zhenzhen & Yu, Tong, 2015. "The dark side of cross-listing: A new perspective from China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1-16.
    10. Luo, Yongli & Fang, Fang & Esqueda, Omar A., 2012. "The overseas listing puzzle: Post-IPO performance of Chinese stocks and ADRs in the U.S. market," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 193-211.
    11. Pan, Lee-Hsien & Lin, Chien-Ting & Yang, Pei-Chi, 2013. "Corporate governance, growth opportunities, and the choices of cross-listings: The case of Chinese ADRs," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 221-234.
    12. He, Hui & Yang, Jiawen, 2012. "Day and night returns of Chinese ADRs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 2795-2803.
    13. Peng, Zhe & Yang, Yahui & Wu, Renshui, 2022. "The Luckin Coffee scandal and short selling attacks," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
    14. Fenghua Pan & Ziyun He & Cheng Fang & Bofei Yang & Jinshe Liang, 2018. "World City Networks Shaped by the Global Financing of Chinese Firms: A Study Based on Initial Public Offerings of Chinese Firms on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, 1999-2017," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 751-772, September.
    15. Bai, Xiaoou & Tsang, Eric W.K. & Xia, Wei, 2020. "Domestic versus foreign listing: Does a CEO's educational experience matter?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(1).
    16. Yongli Luo, 2014. "Cross-listing, managerial compensation and corporate governance," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 1-17, December.
    17. Liu, Li Xian & Jiang, Fuming & Sathye, Milind, 2017. "Does bonding really bond? Liability of foreignness and cross-listing of Chinese firms on international stock exchanges," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 109-124.
    18. Eden, Lorraine & Indro, Daniel C. & Miller, Stewart R. & Richards, Malika, 2021. "Valuation uncertainty, home and host market uncertainty, and cross-border seasoned equity offerings," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(3).
    19. Tupper, Christina H. & Guldiken, Orhun & Benischke, Mirko, 2018. "Capital market liability of foreignness of IPO firms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 555-567.

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    Cross-listing ADR Foreign IPOs;

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