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How does mining policy affect rural migration of Mongolia?

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  • Amartuvshin, Amarjargal
  • Chen, Jiquan
  • John, Ranjeet
  • Zhang, Yaoqi
  • Lkhagvaa, Dansranbavuu

Abstract

The mining sector has served as a main pillar of the economy in Mongolia during both the socialist period prior to 1991 and the current free market economy. The government conversion of pastoral areas to mine extraction aggressively increased after 1990, with the assumption that mining activity would support the local labor market and boost the local economy, thereby attracting more migrants. Following a conceptual framework of the changes in rural and urban populations in Mongolia using the 2010 workforce survey data, we constructed dprobit models to empirically examine migrations among non-mine soums, urban places, and mine soums. Income was hypothesized as a dominant factor for migration. We found that income is not the leading factor in migration decisions and mine soums are not attractive places for migrants, whereas non-mine soums become less attractive. Both Ulaanbaatar, a capital city, and Erdenet, a huge mine during the socialist-era, remain attractive places for migration. Finally, new mining sectors appear to not improve employment among local herding communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Amartuvshin, Amarjargal & Chen, Jiquan & John, Ranjeet & Zhang, Yaoqi & Lkhagvaa, Dansranbavuu, 2021. "How does mining policy affect rural migration of Mongolia?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:107:y:2021:i:c:s0264837721001976
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105474
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xu, Yecheng & Zhang, Yaoqi & Chen, Jiquan & John, Ranjeet, 2019. "Livestock dynamics under changing economy and climate in Mongolia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    2. Kaivan Munshi & Mark Rosenzweig, 2016. "Networks and Misallocation: Insurance, Migration, and the Rural-Urban Wage Gap," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(1), pages 46-98, January.
    3. International Monetary Fund, 2010. "Mongolia: Joint IMF/World Bank Debt Sustainability Analysis Under the Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries," IMF Staff Country Reports 2010/166, International Monetary Fund.
    4. repec:ilo:ilowps:379743 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. David Sneath, 2003. "Land use, the environment and development in post-socialist Mongolia," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(4), pages 441-459.
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    Cited by:

    1. Troy Sternberg & Jerome R. Mayaud & Ariell Ahearn, 2022. "Herd It in the Gobi: Deserting Pastoralism?," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Wen, Qi & Li, Jin & Ding, Jinmei & Wang, Jue, 2023. "Evolutionary process and mechanism of population hollowing out in rural villages in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China: A case study of Yanchi County, Ningxia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    3. Yifang Wang & Linlin Cheng & Yang Zheng, 2022. "Rural Effectiveness Evaluation: A New Way of Assessing Village Development Status," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.

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