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Methodological study of evaluating the traceability of neodymium based on the global substance flow analysis and Monte Carlo simulation

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  • Morimoto, Shinichirou
  • Sanematsu, Kenzo
  • Ozaki, Kimihiro
  • Ozawa, Akito
  • Seo, Yuna

Abstract

Neodymium is a particularly important mineral among rare earth elements (REE) and is used in NdFeB magnets in many motors and electronic devices. In recent years, by the extremely rapid growth in the demand for neodymium, many substance flow analysis (SFA) studies have been conducted to evaluate the global flow and stock of neodymium and to analyze its recycling potential. However, illegal mining, unknown trading and end-of-life (EOL) based recycle of mineral resources such as REE cannot be quantitatively evaluated using only publicly available data. Their actual quantities involved in these activities are greatly affected by politics and production economics in countries such as China, Russia, India, etc Therefore, the lack of knowledge of the quantity of neodymium in existence is an urgent problem for the industrial sector. Accordingly, in recent years, a variety of initiatives centered in Europe have been considered to clarify its traceability.

Suggested Citation

  • Morimoto, Shinichirou & Sanematsu, Kenzo & Ozaki, Kimihiro & Ozawa, Akito & Seo, Yuna, 2019. "Methodological study of evaluating the traceability of neodymium based on the global substance flow analysis and Monte Carlo simulation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-1.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:63:y:2019:i:c:6
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaoyue Du & T. E. Graedel, 2011. "Global Rare Earth In‐Use Stocks in NdFeB Permanent Magnets," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 15(6), pages 836-843, December.
    2. Packey, Daniel J. & Kingsnorth, Dudley, 2016. "The impact of unregulated ionic clay rare earth mining in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 112-116.
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    1. Elisa Alonso & David G. Pineault & Joseph Gambogi & Nedal T. Nassar, 2023. "Mapping first to final uses for rare earth elements, globally and in the United States," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(1), pages 312-322, February.
    2. Becerra, Miguel & Jerez, Alejandro & Garcés, Hugo O. & Demarco, Rodrigo, 2022. "Copper price: A brief analysis of China’s impact over its short-term forecasting," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    3. Elisa Alonso & David Pineault & Nedal T. Nassar, 2023. "Streamlined approach for assessing embedded consumption of lithium and cobalt in the United States," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(1), pages 33-42, February.
    4. Zhu, Xiangyan & Geng, Yong & Gao, Ziyan & Tian, Xu & Xiao, Shijiang & Houssini, Khaoula, 2023. "Investigating zirconium flows and stocks in China: A dynamic material flow analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    5. Jingxuan Geng & Han Hao & Xin Sun & Dengye Xun & Zongwei Liu & Fuquan Zhao, 2021. "Static material flow analysis of neodymium in China," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(1), pages 114-124, February.

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