IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/joepsy/v33y2012i1p192-205.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The development, validation, and implications of a measure of consumer competitive arousal (CCAr)

Author

Listed:
  • Nichols, Bridget Satinover

Abstract

This paper details the conceptual and empirical development of a 10-item scale to measure consumer competitive arousal (CCAr). Consumers experience competitive arousals in a wide variety of consumption contexts. Though the subject has been of interest in several recent studies, neither a consistent definition nor a reliable and valid measurement of the construct has been developed. The study offers a reliable and valid measurement scale of consumer competitive arousal by testing it in three pre-purchase and one post-purchase situation. The findings support three distinct dimensions of the CCAr construct (performance anxiety, rivalry, and scarcity recognition), which help shape a clear definition of the construct. Both the composite and its individual dimensions demonstrate predictive power for several behavioral and attitudinal outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Nichols, Bridget Satinover, 2012. "The development, validation, and implications of a measure of consumer competitive arousal (CCAr)," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 192-205.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:joepsy:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:192-205
    DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2011.10.002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487011001590
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.joep.2011.10.002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bridget Satinover Nichols & Daniel J. Flint, 2010. "'That item is mine!' Consumer competitiveness and need for control: a study of internet auction bidding," International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 3(3), pages 261-292.
    2. Babin, Barry J & Darden, William R & Griffin, Mitch, 1994. "Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 20(4), pages 644-656, March.
    3. Schwieren, Christiane & Weichselbaumer, Doris, 2010. "Does competition enhance performance or cheating? A laboratory experiment," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 241-253, June.
    4. Parker, Jeffrey R. & Lehmann, Donald R., 2011. "When Shelf-Based Scarcity Impacts Consumer Preferences," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 142-155.
    5. Verhallen, Theo M. M. & Robben, Henry S. J., 1994. "Scarcity and preference: An experiment on unavailability and product evaluation," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 315-331, June.
    6. Malhotra, Deepak, 2010. "The desire to win: The effects of competitive arousal on motivation and behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 111(2), pages 139-146, March.
    7. Luigi Mittone & Lucia Savadori, 2005. "The Scarcity Bias," CEEL Working Papers 0505, Cognitive and Experimental Economics Laboratory, Department of Economics, University of Trento, Italia.
    8. repec:cup:judgdm:v:3:y:2008:i:7:p:483-492 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Tian, Kelly Tepper & Bearden, William O & Hunter, Gary L, 2001. "Consumer's Need for Uniqueness: Scale Development and Validation," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 28(1), pages 50-66, June.
    10. Inman, J Jeffrey & Peter, Anil C & Raghubir, Priya, 1997. "Framing the Deal: The Role of Restrictions in Accentuating Deal Value," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 24(1), pages 68-79, June.
    11. Lynn, Michael, 1989. "Scarcity effects on desirability: Mediated by assumed expensiveness?," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 257-274, June.
    12. Richins, Marsha L & Dawson, Scott, 1992. "A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement: Scale Development and Validation," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 19(3), pages 303-316, December.
    13. Trautmann, Stefan T. & Traxler, Christian, 2010. "Reserve prices as reference points - Evidence from auctions for football players at Hattrick.org," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 230-240, April.
    14. Belk, Russell W, 1975. "Situational Variables and Consumer Behavior," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 2(3), pages 157-164, December.
    15. Lisa J. Abendroth & Kristin Diehl, 2006. "Now or Never: Effects of Limited Purchase Opportunities on Patterns of Regret over Time," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 33(3), pages 342-351, October.
    16. Belk, Russell W & Sherry, John F, Jr & Wallendorf, Melanie, 1988. "A Naturalistic Inquiry into Buyer and Seller Behavior at a Swap Meet," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 14(4), pages 449-470, March.
    17. Ohme, Rafal & Reykowska, Dorota & Wiener, Dawid & Choromanska, Anna, 2010. "Application of frontal EEG asymmetry to advertising research," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 785-793, October.
    18. Kemp, Simon, 1996. "Preferences for distributing goods in times of shortage," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 615-627, November.
    19. J.J. Brakus & B.H. Schmitt & L. Zarantonello, 2011. "Brand experience: managerial applications of a new consumer-psychology concept," Post-Print hal-00821585, HAL.
    20. Ku, Gillian & Malhotra, Deepak & Murnighan, J. Keith, 2005. "Towards a competitive arousal model of decision-making: A study of auction fever in live and Internet auctions," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 89-103, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tianshi Li & Wenli Li & Yuqing Zhao & Jingpei Ma, 2023. "Rationality manipulation during consumer decision-making process: an analysis of Alibaba’s online shopping carnival," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 331-364, March.
    2. Simon Piest & Philipp Schreck, 2021. "Contests and unethical behavior in organizations: a review and synthesis of the empirical literature," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 71(4), pages 679-721, October.
    3. Park, Jihye & Li, Wenhan, 2023. "“I got it FIRST†: Antecedents of competitive consumption of a new product," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gierl, Heribert & Huettl, Verena, 2010. "Are scarce products always more attractive? The interaction of different types of scarcity signals with products' suitability for conspicuous consumption," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 225-235.
    2. Guiot, Denis & Roux, Dominique, 2010. "A Second-hand Shoppers’ Motivation Scale: Antecedents, Consequences, and Implications for Retailers," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 86(4), pages 355-371.
    3. Catherine Janssen & Joëlle Vanhamme & Adam Lindgreen & Cécile Lefebvre, 2014. "The Catch-22 of Responsible Luxury: Effects of Luxury Product Characteristics on Consumers’ Perception of Fit with Corporate Social Responsibility," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 119(1), pages 45-57, January.
    4. Justyna Kramarczyk & Mathieu Alemany Oliver, 2022. "Accumulative vs. Appreciative Expressions of Materialism: Revising Materialism in Light of Polish Simplifiers and New Materialism," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 175(4), pages 701-719, February.
    5. Kukar-Kinney, Monika & Xia, Lan, 2017. "The effectiveness of number of deals purchased in influencing consumers' response to daily deal promotions: A cue utilization approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 189-197.
    6. Barton, Belinda & Zlatevska, Natalina & Oppewal, Harmen, 2022. "Scarcity tactics in marketing: A meta-analysis of product scarcity effects on consumer purchase intentions," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 98(4), pages 741-758.
    7. Rebecca Hamilton & Debora Thompson & Sterling Bone & Lan Nguyen Chaplin & Vladas Griskevicius & Kelly Goldsmith & Ronald Hill & Deborah Roedder John & Chiraag Mittal & Thomas O’Guinn & Paul Piff & Car, 2019. "The effects of scarcity on consumer decision journeys," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 532-550, May.
    8. Mead, James A. & Richerson, Rob & Li, Wenjing, 2020. "Dynamic Right-Slanted Fonts Increase the Effectiveness of Promotional Retail Advertising," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 282-296.
    9. Koch, Oliver Francis & Benlian, Alexander, 2015. "Promotional Tactics for Online Viral Marketing Campaigns: How Scarcity and Personalization Affect Seed Stage Referrals," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 37-52.
    10. Zogaj, Adnan & Olk, Stephan & Tscheulin, Dieter K., 2019. "Go pop-up: Effects of temporary retail on product- and brand-related consumer reactions," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 111-121.
    11. Kowalczyk, Liliana & Breugelmans, Els & Campo, Katia, 2021. "It's not there, I love it! How relevance to objective needs of an unavailable item impacts emotions, store image, and behavior," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    12. repec:cup:judgdm:v:14:y:2019:i:1:p:72-79 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Sandra Awanis & Bodo B Schlegelmilch & Charles Chi Cui, 2017. "Asia’s materialists: Reconciling collectivism and materialism," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(8), pages 964-991, October.
    14. Pons, Frank & Mourali, Mehdi & Giroux, Marilyn, 2014. "The density–satisfaction relationship revisited: The role of scarcity and consumers affective reactions in a crowded retail situation," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 54-60.
    15. Nichols, Bridget Satinover, 2015. "Construction and validation of the in-store privacy preference scale," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 70-78.
    16. Kukar-Kinney, Monika & Scheinbaum, Angeline Close & Schaefers, Tobias, 2016. "Compulsive buying in online daily deal settings: An investigation of motivations and contextual elements," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 691-699.
    17. Michal Maimaran & Yuval Salant, 2019. "The effect of limited availability on children’s consumption, engagement, and choice behavior," Judgment and Decision Making, Society for Judgment and Decision Making, vol. 14(1), pages 72-79, January.
    18. Mayank Jyotsna Soni & Abraham Koshy, 2016. "An Examination of Response of Consumers with Different Levels of Uniqueness to Limited Quantity Offers," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 41(3), pages 209-221, September.
    19. Küper, Inken & Edinger-Schons, Laura Marie, 2020. "Is sharing up for sale? Monetary exchanges in the sharing economy," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 223-234.
    20. Li, Hui & Xu, Yunjie & Huang, Lihua, 2021. "When less is more? The contingent effect of product supply limitation in the release of new electronic products," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    21. Stathopoulou, Anastasia & Balabanis, George, 2019. "The effect of cultural value orientation on consumers' perceptions of luxury value and proclivity for luxury consumption," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 298-312.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Anxiety; Competition; Rivalry; Reaction formation; Attitudes;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D03 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:joepsy:v:33:y:2012:i:1:p:192-205. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/joep .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.