IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jmvana/v181y2021ics0047259x20302566.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Nonlinear and additive principal component analysis for functional data

Author

Listed:
  • Song, Jun
  • Li, Bing

Abstract

We introduce a nonlinear additive functional principal component analysis (NAFPCA) for vector-valued functional data. This is a generalization of functional principal component analysis and allows the relations among the random functions involved to be nonlinear. The method is constructed via two additively nested Hilbert spaces of functions, in which the first space characterizes the functional nature of the data, and the second space captures the nonlinear dependence. In the meantime, additivity is imposed so that we can avoid high-dimensional kernels in the functional space, which causes the curse of dimensionality. Along with the NAFPCA, we also develop a method of selection of the number of principal components and the tuning parameters that determines the degree of nonlinearity, as well as the asymptotic results for both the fully observed and the incompletely observed functional data. Simulation results show that the new method performs better than functional principal component analysis when the relations among random functions are nonlinear. We apply the new method to online handwritten digits and electroencephalogram (EEG) data sets.

Suggested Citation

  • Song, Jun & Li, Bing, 2021. "Nonlinear and additive principal component analysis for functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:181:y:2021:i:c:s0047259x20302566
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2020.104675
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047259X20302566
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jmva.2020.104675?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bing Li & Hyonho Chun & Hongyu Zhao, 2012. "Sparse Estimation of Conditional Graphical Models With Application to Gene Networks," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 107(497), pages 152-167, March.
    2. Yehua Li & Yongtao Guan, 2014. "Functional Principal Component Analysis of Spatiotemporal Point Processes With Applications in Disease Surveillance," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(507), pages 1205-1215, September.
    3. Bing Li & Hyonho Chun & Hongyu Zhao, 2014. "On an Additive Semigraphoid Model for Statistical Networks With Application to Pathway Analysis," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(507), pages 1188-1204, September.
    4. Jacques, Julien & Preda, Cristian, 2014. "Model-based clustering for multivariate functional data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 92-106.
    5. Clara Happ & Sonja Greven, 2018. "Multivariate Functional Principal Component Analysis for Data Observed on Different (Dimensional) Domains," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 113(522), pages 649-659, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Michael Greenacre & Patrick J. F Groenen & Trevor Hastie & Alfonso Iodice d’Enza & Angelos Markos & Elena Tuzhilina, 2023. "Principal component analysis," Economics Working Papers 1856, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    2. Ali Mahzarnia & Jun Song, 2022. "Multivariate functional group sparse regression: Functional predictor selection," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(4), pages 1-22, April.
    3. Jolliffe, Ian, 2022. "A 50-year personal journey through time with principal component analysis," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Li, Yehua & Qiu, Yumou & Xu, Yuhang, 2022. "From multivariate to functional data analysis: Fundamentals, recent developments, and emerging areas," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    5. Yao, Binhong & Li, Peixing, 2023. "Covariance estimation error of incomplete functional data under RKHS framework," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 443(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Virta, Joni & Li, Bing & Nordhausen, Klaus & Oja, Hannu, 2020. "Independent component analysis for multivariate functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    2. Golovkine, Steven & Klutchnikoff, Nicolas & Patilea, Valentin, 2022. "Clustering multivariate functional data using unsupervised binary trees," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    3. Qiu, Zhiping & Fan, Jiangyuan & Zhang, Jin-Ting & Chen, Jianwei, 2024. "Tests for equality of several covariance matrix functions for multivariate functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    4. Xiuli Du & Xiaohu Jiang & Jinguan Lin, 2023. "Multinomial Logistic Factor Regression for Multi-source Functional Block-wise Missing Data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 88(3), pages 975-1001, September.
    5. Jia Guo & Shiyan Ma & Xiang Li, 2022. "Exploring the Differences of Sustainable Urban Development Levels from the Perspective of Multivariate Functional Data Analysis: A Case Study of 33 Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    6. Qiu, Zhiping & Chen, Jianwei & Zhang, Jin-Ting, 2021. "Two-sample tests for multivariate functional data with applications," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    7. Kuang-Yao Lee & Bing Li & Hongyu Zhao, 2016. "Variable selection via additive conditional independence," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 78(5), pages 1037-1055, November.
    8. Mirosław Krzyśko & Łukasz Smaga, 2017. "An Application Of Functional Multivariate Regression Model To Multiclass Classification," Statistics in Transition New Series, Polish Statistical Association, vol. 18(3), pages 433-442, September.
    9. Amira Elayouty & Marian Scott & Claire Miller, 2022. "Time-Varying Functional Principal Components for Non-Stationary EpCO $$_2$$ 2 in Freshwater Systems," Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Springer;The International Biometric Society;American Statistical Association, vol. 27(3), pages 506-522, September.
    10. Faicel Chamroukhi, 2016. "Piecewise Regression Mixture for Simultaneous Functional Data Clustering and Optimal Segmentation," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 33(3), pages 374-411, October.
    11. Andrea Martino & Andrea Ghiglietti & Francesca Ieva & Anna Maria Paganoni, 2019. "A k-means procedure based on a Mahalanobis type distance for clustering multivariate functional data," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 28(2), pages 301-322, June.
    12. Tomasz Górecki & Mirosław Krzyśko & Łukasz Waszak & Waldemar Wołyński, 2018. "Selected statistical methods of data analysis for multivariate functional data," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 153-182, March.
    13. Haixu Wang & Jiguo Cao, 2023. "Nonlinear prediction of functional time series," Environmetrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(5), August.
    14. Fabrizio Maturo & Rosanna Verde, 2023. "Supervised classification of curves via a combined use of functional data analysis and tree-based methods," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 419-459, March.
    15. Philip A. White & Alan E. Gelfand, 2021. "Multivariate functional data modeling with time-varying clustering," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 30(3), pages 586-602, September.
    16. Giraldo, Ramón & Dabo-Niang, Sophie & Martínez, Sergio, 2018. "Statistical modeling of spatial big data: An approach from a functional data analysis perspective," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 126-129.
    17. Górecki Tomasz & Krzyśko Mirosław & Wołyński Waldemar, 2015. "Classification Problems Based on Regression Models for Multi-Dimensional Functional Data," Statistics in Transition New Series, Polish Statistical Association, vol. 16(1), pages 97-110, March.
    18. Jiang, Qing & Hušková, Marie & Meintanis, Simos G. & Zhu, Lixing, 2019. "Asymptotics, finite-sample comparisons and applications for two-sample tests with functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 202-220.
    19. Cody Carroll & Hans‐Georg Müller, 2023. "Latent deformation models for multivariate functional data and time‐warping separability," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 79(4), pages 3345-3358, December.
    20. Elham Daadmehr, 2024. "Workplace sustainability or financial resilience? Composite-financial resilience index," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(2), pages 1-35, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:181:y:2021:i:c:s0047259x20302566. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622892/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.