IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jcjust/v91y2024ics0047235224000151.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

For law enforcement purposes: The complicated relationship between the 1033 program and the expanding police mandate

Author

Listed:
  • Crum, John D.
  • Corradi, A.
  • Ramey, D.M.

Abstract

Nationwide protests and the ensuing “defund the police” movement reignited debates surrounding the allocation of resources to police departments and police militarization. A commonly examined program of militarization is the Department of Defense's (DoD) 1033 Program, which provides excess DoD equipment to federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies (LEA). While the program does transfer lethal military-grade equipment, most transfers are non-lethal equipment/items. Thus, the degree of participation in the 1033 Program reflecting the “warrior cop mentality” may be overstated. Instead, 1033 Program participation may reflect police cultural framing and rational decisions of how best to meet the needs of their expanding mandate, including providing electrical grid support and natural disaster relief. In this paper, we qualitatively code over 125,000 LEA 1033 justifications for individual items to illuminate how LEAs define their role in society amid their shifting mandate. Results reveal a complex relationship between entrenched cultural patterns and changing demands and needs of departments.

Suggested Citation

  • Crum, John D. & Corradi, A. & Ramey, D.M., 2024. "For law enforcement purposes: The complicated relationship between the 1033 program and the expanding police mandate," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s0047235224000151
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102166
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224000151
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102166?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Davis, C.S. & Ruiz, S. & Glynn, P. & Picariello, G. & Walley, A.Y., 2014. "Expanded access to naloxone among firefighters, police officers, and emergency medical technicians in massachusetts," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(8), pages 7-9.
    2. David A. Klinger, 2004. "Environment and Organization: Reviving a Perspective on the Police," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 593(1), pages 119-136, May.
    3. Vincenzo Bove & Evelina Gavrilova, 2017. "Police Officer on the Frontline or a Soldier? The Effect of Police Militarization on Crime," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Ajilore, Olugbenga, 2017. "Is There a 1033 Effect? Police Militarization and Aggressive Policing," MPRA Paper 82543, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. James Sheptycki, 2017. "Liquid modernity and the police ; thinking about information flows in police organisation," Global Crime, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 286-302, July.
    6. Anna Gunderson & Elisha Cohen & Kaylyn Jackson Schiff & Tom S. Clark & Adam N. Glynn & Michael Leo Owens, 2021. "Counterevidence of crime-reduction effects from federal grants of military equipment to local police," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(2), pages 194-204, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Christos Mavridis & Orestis Troumpounis & Maurizio Zanardi, 2022. "Protests and Police Militarization," School of Economics Discussion Papers 0122, School of Economics, University of Surrey.
    2. Ajilore, Olugbenga, 2017. "Is There a 1033 Effect? Police Militarization and Aggressive Policing," MPRA Paper 82543, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Rief, Rachael & Huff, Jessica, 2023. "Revisiting the influence of police response time: Examining the effects of response time on arrest and how it varies by call type," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    4. Arvate, Paulo & Souza, André Portela, 2022. "Armed police and violence: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in Brazil," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    5. Crinò, Rosario & Immordino, Giovanni & Piccolo, Salvatore, 2019. "Marginal deterrence at work," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 586-612.
    6. Berardi, Luca & Bucerius, Sandra & Haggerty, Kevin D. & Krahn, Harvey, 2021. "Narcan and Narcan't: Implementation factors influencing police officer use of Narcan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    7. Carriere Kevin R. & Encinosa William, 2017. "The Risks of Operational Militarization: Increased Conflict Against Militarized Police," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(3), pages 1-13, August.
    8. Andrea Silva & Diego Esparza, 2021. "Explaining the American crisis of policing: Media, malfeasance, and racial prejudice," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(7), pages 3103-3113, December.
    9. White, Michael D. & Perrone, Dina & Malm, Aili & Watts, Seth, 2021. "Narcan cops: Officer perceptions of opioid use and willingness to carry naloxone," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    10. Robynn Cox & Jamein P. Cunningham, 2021. "Financing The War On Drugs: The Impact Of Law Enforcement Grants On Racial Disparities In Drug Arrests," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(1), pages 191-224, January.
    11. Roesti, Matthias, 2020. "“This is my Rifle” - On US Police Militarisation and Crime," Economics Working Paper Series 2017, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science.
    12. Nils Braakmann, 2022. "Does stop and search reduce crime? Evidence from street‐level data and a surge in operations following a high‐profile crime," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 185(3), pages 1370-1397, July.
    13. Federico Masera, 2021. "Violent Crime and the Overmilitarization of US Policing," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 37(3), pages 479-511.
    14. Aldo Pignataro, 2021. "Becoming member of the European Union: What is the relationship with the robbery rate?," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 48(2), pages 533-558, May.
    15. Koslicki, Wendy M. & Willits, Dale W. & Brooks, Rachael, 2021. "Fatal outcomes of militarization: Re-examining the relationship between the 1033 Program and police deadly force," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    16. Christos Mavridis & Orestis Troumpounis & Maurizio Zanardi, 2021. "Police Militarization and Local Elections," School of Economics Discussion Papers 0221, School of Economics, University of Surrey.
    17. Masera, Federico, 2021. "Police safety, killings by the police, and the militarization of US law enforcement," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    18. Insler, Michael A. & McMurrey, Bryce & McQuoid, Alexander F., 2019. "From broken windows to broken bonds: Militarized police and social fragmentation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 43-62.
    19. Noghanibehambari, Hamid & Tavassoli, Nahid, 2022. "An ounce of prevention, a pound of cure: The effects of college expansions on crime," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    20. He, Xiaoyu & Mei, Yixin, 2024. "Can arms breed peace? The consequence of arms imports from the US on civil wars," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 207-229.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s0047235224000151. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jcrimjus .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.